Intranasal delivery of vaccines provides an attractive alternative to parenteral delivery, but it requires appropriate mucosal adjuvants. Cholera toxin (CT) is a powerful mucosal adjuvant, but it can undergo retrograde transport to the brain via the olfactory system after intranasal delivery. We demonstrate that intranasal delivery of CT increases the expression of interleukin-1 beta , cyclooxy...

Introduction In this study we are comparing two different doses 1μg/kg and 2 μg/kg of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedative efficacy and analgesia as a premedication in children (6-12 years of age). This prospective, randomized study is designed to evaluate efficacy of 2 different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine as a premedication in children. To assess the patient preoperatively and its ...

BACKGROUND Inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. Oral post-menopausal hormone therapy increases serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. This study compared the effects of intranasal and oral administration of 17beta-estradiol (E2) combined with norethisterone acetate (NETA) on markers of inflammation in healthy post-menopausal women. METHODS Ninety...

Background. Intranasal steroid provides an efficient nonsurgical alternative to adenoidectomy for theimprovement of adenoid nasal obstruction. Objective. To demonstrate the role of intranasal steroid in the prevention of adenoid regrowth after adenoidectomy. Methods. Prospective randomized controlled study. Two hundred children after adenoidectomy were divided into 2 groups. Group I received po...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of intranasal lorazepam in comparison to currently established administration routes. Eleven healthy volunteers completed this randomized crossover study. On three occasions, each separated by a 1-week washout, subjects received a 2 mg dose of lorazepam via the intranasal, intravenous, or intramuscular route. Blood samples we...

The ultracentrifuge has become a well established tool in virus research, because with this apparatus advantage can be taken of the size of viruses to permit the concentration and purification of these substances. The finding of Schultz and Raffel (1) that poliomyelitis virus from infected spinal cords can be sedimented in the ultracentrifuge has recently been confirmed (2, 3). I t has also rec...

Experiments using female mice and bats have demonstrated that tritium-labeled 17β-estradiol (3H-E2) can be absorbed via cutaneous and intranasal routes and distributed to reproductive and neural tissues. Radioactivity has also been measured in tissues of untreated females after 48h cohabitation with 3H-E2 injected males. The present study was designed to quantify steroid transfer among female b...