Cloud computing environments allow customers to execute arbitrary code on hardware owned by a cloud provider. While cloud providers use virtualization to ensure isolation between customers, they face additional security challenges. Malicious customers may leverage the provider’s hardware to launch attacks, either from VMs they own or by compromising VMs from benign customers. These attacks can ...

The cultural evolution of introspective thought has been recognized to undergo a drastic change during the middle of the first millennium BC. This period, known as the "Axial Age," saw the birth of religions and philosophies still alive in modern culture, as well as the transition from orality to literacy-which led to the hypothesis of a link between introspection and literacy. Here we set out ...

Defending first-person introspective access to own mental states, we argue against Carruthers’ claim of mindreading being prior to meta-cognition and for a fundamental difference between how we understand our own and others’ mental states. We conclude that a model based on one mechanism but involving two different kinds of access for self and other is sufficient and more consistent with the

The traditional action-oriented surgical personality, although essential in the service of solving emergent operative dilemmas, may serve as a barrier to introspection. Certainly, challenges of the twenty-first century practice environment, including time constraints, also distract from self-reflection. Without engaging in moments of introspection, surgeons risk not only abandoning dying patien...

There has been a great deal of work on characterizing the complexity of the satisfiability and validity problem for modal logics. In particular, Ladner showed that the satisfiability problem for all logics betweenK andS4 is PSPACE-hard, while forS5 it is NP-complete. We show that it is negative introspection, the axiom ¬Kp ⇒ K¬Kp, that causes the gap: if we add this axiom to any modal logic bet...

This paper introduces a formal framework for relating learning and deduction in reasoning agents. Our goal is to capture imperfect reasoning as well as the progress, through introspection, towards a better reasoning ability. We capture the interleaving between these by a reasoning/deduction connection and we show how this—and related—definition apply to a setting in which agents are modeled by ...