In this paper, a problem of managed inventory by the vendor in production-distribution supply chain is presented based on scenario. The main purpose presenting model maximizing producer profit three-level network consisting various strategic and tactical decisions under uncertainty. Due to nonlinearity NP-Hardness problem, meta-heuristic genetic algorithms, Whale optimization algorithm league c...

This paper investigates the impact of a vendor managed inventory (VMI) strategy upon transportation operations in a supply chain. Specifically, the issue of batching to enable better use of transport vehicles is studied. A system dynamics methodology is used to develop difference equation models of three scenarios–– traditional, internal consolidation and VMI. The holistic nature of inventory m...

This paper develops a more general production-inventory model for a one-buyermulti-vendor integrated system. We consider the problems where a manufacturer faces problem from the supply side when sourcing a product from heterogeneous suppliers. The model is extended to the situation with shortage permitted, based on shortage being allowed to occur only for the buyer. A numerical example and sens...

This paper examines the relationship between distributor backorder performance and its inventory levels under Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) in a supply chain that consists of distributors and manufacturers. We construct a principal-agent model to show that distributors' inventory managed by manufacturers can be used to induce distributor efforts, which are unobservable to the manufacturers, in...

In this paper we present a model and solution procedures of the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) encountered in vending machine supply chains working under vendor-managed inventory (VMI) scheme. The new IRP model is built based on the existing Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time-windows (PVRPTW). The model will be referred to as the Integrated Inventory and Periodic Vehicle Routing Proble...

In today’s business a close operation is necessary to decrease the joint total inventory cost. According to Simchi-Levi et al (2000) several international companies have demonstrated that integrating the supply chain has improved the company’s performance and market share. This paper considers an inventory vendor-buyer integrated system in a fuzzy situation by employing the type of fuzzy number...