This paper addresses the issue of the optimal standard of proof in criminal law. It is assumed that people in society care about both fairness and deterrence. It is important to punish those who are guilty and only those. However, error is unavoidable and hence a trade-o¤ emerges between the three aims of punishing the guilty, not punishing the innocent and deterring potential criminals. It is ...

∗ The authors would like to thank the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement and the Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center for financially supporting the visits that enabled this international collaboration. We also would like to thank seminar participants at the NSCR and the 2008 annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology as well as Robert Brame, Megan...

Modern Greek society appears to be split regarding the legalization of euthanasia. The Greek Orthodox Church maintains a negative attitude. Research shows that some forms of euthanasia are carried out "behind closed doors". There is no specific legal provision. The government avoids bearing the political cost of regulating this marginal issue. According to the dominant view of Criminal Law juri...

This paper is an attempt to outline the history of Swedish policies towards the energy system and to describe how the country’s economy dealt with management costs and accident risks of nuclear reactors. When reactors supply marginal electricity, nuclear power may provide electrical energy at low costs, as it has high investment costs but moderate personal costs and low fuel costs. The support ...

Mechanisms of the investment policy are a set methods and technologies for attracting investment. Methods regional can be administrative economic depending on market factors. An analysis world domestic practice shows that involvement private sector, privatization or public-private partnership have positive effect efficiency ports. Regardless form, when capital in transport infrastructure, gover...

INTRODUCTION 'Legal highs' are psychoactive chemicals which are sold from 'head shops', the internet and from street suppliers and may be possessed without legal restriction. An increase in the marketing of these materials has resulted in a corresponding increase in published reports of their adverse effects. However, a lack of primary literature pertaining to their chemistry, pharmacology and ...

Thirty-six years ago, on June 5, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention described a rare lung infection in five previously healthy gay men in Los Angeles (AIDS.gov, 2016). The report in the Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report was America’s introduction to what would become known as HIV infection and AIDS. Since those early years, significant scientific advances–isolation of HIV ...

This article compares the M’Naghten Rules and some of the principal variations found in the Commonwealth of Nations for the purpose of formulating the best possible provision on the defence of insanity. The discussion is enhanced by evaluations of the concept of diminished responsibility operating in the Commonwealth, and of the provision on insanity in the Statute of the International Criminal...

With the acceleration of China's opening-up, number and scale multinational corporations' investment projects in China are constantly increasing. However, order to obtain greater benefits Chinese market, some corporations choose seek illegitimate commercial interests through bribery. The increasing corruption cases transnational have bad influences on economic development, business environment ...