Ž . Intellectual Property IP management of explicit knowledge encapsulated in and managed by Intellectual Property Rights Ž . IPRs is discussed using the first comparative study of UK and Japanese IP management. IP’s role in both licensing and Ž . continuous learning, whether through licensing or patent information management PIM , is illustrated. Japanese companies actively search for technolo...

The relationship between genetic resources, Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) is among the most controversial agenda items in the negotiations of several international organisation. International debates about genetic resources and TK may have profound implications for indigenous and local communities. Yet, participation by local communities in the WTO and WIPO ...

The value of intellectual proprietary rights (IPRs) for technology standardization in emerging information and communications technologies has increased. The inherently closed nature of IPR seems to be in direct conflict with the openness necessary to spread a technology, but organizations are creating strategies to maneuver aspects of IPR so that they can create standards as well as protect th...

Since the establishment of the Human Genome Project and the identification of genes in human DNA that play a role in human diseases and disorders, a long, moral and political, battle has began over the extension of IPRs to information contained in human genetic material. According to the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, over the past 20 years, large numbers of human genes have been the subject of...

This paper studies how the strength of intellectual property rights (IPRs) affects investments in biological innovations when the value of an innovation is stochastically reduced to zero because of the evolution of pest resistance. We frame the problem as a research and development (R&D) investment game in a duopoly model of sequential innovation. We characterize the incentives to invest in R&D...

Multiple repeat false targets (RFTs), created by the digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) system of jammer, are widely used in practical to effectively exhaust the limited tracking and discrimination resource of defense radar. In this paper, common characteristic of radar polarization echoes of multiple RFTs is used for target recognition. Based on the echoes from two receiving polarization ch...

This paper investigates in an exploratory manner the licensing strategies pursued by firms whose business model is based on developing and licensing out their intellectual property rights (IPRs). These are not traditional suppliers, since they do not engage in production or commercialization, but focus solely on invention. While considerable anecdotal evidence exists about these IP vendors, the...

Standard-setting organizations (SSOs) are of growing importance as an institution for coordinating and facilitating the economic activities of intellectual property rights holders. SSOs thus foster economic benefits of standardization and of commercializing innovation. Market adoption of standards that call for standard-compliant products to use intellectual property rights (IPRs), however, rai...