Today, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in both developing and developed economies. However, the uncertainty of macroeconomic indicators, such as economic growth, may affect financing and investment of the SMEs in an economy. The present study explores the effect of the economic growth rate uncertainty on financing SMEs in Iran. To this end, the study has applied the Br...

We measured sol1 surface C02 cfflux (F,) 111 loblolly ptnc stands ( P m u ~ t~red~i L ) located on the Vtrglnia Plcdmont (VA) and South Carollna Coastal Platn (SC) In cfforts to assess the lnlpact cl~matc, productlv~ty, and cultural practlccs have on F, in the managed loblolly plnc ecosystem The cffect of qtand dge on F, was cxamlncd using a rcplicaled chronoscqucncc approach In whlch stands ra...

In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the myelographic agent metrizamide decreases neural tissue glucose metabolism whereas iohexol and iopamidol do not. This study compares the changes in slices of rat hippocampus C02 production caused by the nonionic dimers iotrol and iodixanol with the effects of metrizamide and 2-deoxy-o-glucose. After 6-hr incubations, 70-mmolfl concentra...

The pathway of the methane fermentation of formate was investigated in several organisms by Stephenson and Stickland (1933), Barker (1941) and Stadtman and Barker (1951). Since in several instances H2 and C02 were generated during fermentation, the decomposition of formate would probably involve some prior oxidation to C02 and subsequent reduction to CH4 by the C02-reduction scheme of Van Niel ...

The requirement of many Brucella abortus strains for a PCO2 of approximately 0.03 atmosphere for growth seems to differ both quantitatively and qualitatively from the C02 requirement of other heterotrophic organisms. In some microorganisms, C02 can be replaced by certain tricarboxylic acids (Lwoff and Monod, 1946; Ajl and Werkman, 1948), amino acids (Lyman et al., 1947; Abelson et al., 1952a, b...

Abstract. Homthong M, Kaewpuk W, Yamsuan S, Thongsima A, Mokkapan K, Pikulthong V. 2022. Screening of indole-3-acetic acid PGPB from three agricultural systems at Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 5935-5941. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are associated with plant roots and enhance growth via a variety mechanisms, including fixation atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization phosphor...

JEL Classification Numbers: E 31, E 52

The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

Oil price shocks are the major source of economic instability in oil exporting developing countries, including Iran. In this paper a Multi Sector Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, with emphasis on optimization of oil sector as a producing sector is designed. Furthermore, an optimizing import sector is introduced into the model by considering the price rigidity in imported goods as a...

The main goal of the present paper is to analyze the effects of currency collapses (a large devaluation of country’s nominal exchange rate) on real gross domestic products of six Asian countries (Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Korea, and Turkey). A yearly data is collected from the WDI of the World Bank over the period 1980-2011. The econometric model includes the real GDP growt...