the natural gas consumption in iran has been continuously increasing due to several reasons including low prices of natural gas, development of gas supply networks, people’s salary increase, incorrect consumption culture and the increase of national economy growth.  although, the global natural gas consumption has increased by 38% since 2001, the national consumption in iran has increased by 11...

The Journal of Economic Literature codes classification system (JEL) published by the American Association (AEA) is de facto standard for research literature in economics. JEL used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers EconLit, a database maintained AEA. Over time, it has evolved extended with over 850 subclasses. This paper reviews history development sys...

PURPOSE This pioneering study aimed to investigate social disparities in breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) incidence rates among women across Iran's provinces from 2003 to 2009. METHODS Provincial level population distribution data pertaining to women were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Age-standardized incidence rates of BC and OC were gathered from the National Cance...

Rodents are mammals that comprise more than 2000 species and approximately 30 families. There are many morphological and ecological differences among them as variations in their shape, size, weight and habitat. In addition to significant economic losses, rodents have a major role in the dissemination of infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites or other micro-organisms. Rodents...

BACKGROUND During the last decades, the number of dentistry units increased significantly across the country. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of dental units of Iran provinces regarding dental health inputs and outputs using Data Envelopment Analysis approach. METHODS In this applied descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all of Iran 31 provinces. The o...

value added is a criterion for evaluating the performance of economic units. statistics related to various economic indicators of industrial workshops located in iranian provinces with their value added are annually obtained by statistical centre of iran via “industrial workshops survey” program. this study is going to find the most important factors affecting the value added of the workshops, ...

Utilitarianism plays a central role in economics, but there is gap between theory, where utilitarianism dominant, and applications, monetary criteria are often used. For key difficulty to define how utilities should be measured compared. Drawing on Harsanyi’s (1955) approach, we introduce new normalization of ensuring that: (i) transfer from rich population poor welfare enhancing, (ii) populati...

I conduct a survey experiment to study the relationship between people’s beliefs about size of gender wage gap and their demand for policies aimed at mitigating it. Beliefs causally affect support equal pay legislation affirmative action programs, but cannot account polarization in policy views by partisanship gender. Changes seem be driven changes discrimination labor markets fairness concerns...

BACKGROUND Esophagus cancer (EC) is among the five most common cancers in both sexes in Iran, with an incidence rate well above world average. Social rank (SR) of individuals and regions are well-known independent predictors of EC incidence. The aim of current study was to assess gender and social disparities in EC incidence across Iran's provinces through 2003-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dat...

abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...