This paper proposes novel lossy image compression technique using hybrid wavelet transform and vector quantization. First hybrid wavelet transform consisting of two different component transforms is generated and applied on color images. Discrete Kekre transform (DKT) and Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) play role of base and local transform respectively in hybrid wavelet transform. In transform...

Vector quantization is a classical problem that appears in many fields. Unfortunately, the quantization problem is generally nonconvex, and therefore affords many local minima. The main problem is finding an initial approximation which is close to a “good” local minimum. Once such an approximation is found, the Lloyd–Max method may be used to reach a local minimum near it. In recent years, much...

We present spatially-resolved, rest-frame optical spectroscopy of a z∼ 3 Lyman-break galaxy (LBG), Q0347-383 C5, obtained with SINFONI on the VLT. This galaxy, among the ∼ 10% brightest LBGs, is only the second z∼ 3 LBG observed with an integral-field spectrograph. It was first described by Pettini et al. (2001), who obtained WFPC2 F702W imaging and longslit spectroscopy in the K-band. We find ...

BACKGROUND Olive trees (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea) naturally grow in areas spanning the Mediterranean basin and towards the East, including the Middle East. In the Iranian plateau, the presence of olives has been documented since very ancient times, though the early history of the crop in this area is shrouded in uncertainty. METHODS The varieties presently cultivated in Ira...

Image retrieval and image compression are each areas that have received considerable attention in the past. In this work, we present an approach for content-based image retrieval (CBIR) using vector quantization (VQ). Using VQ allows us to retain the image database in compressed form without any need to store additional features for image retrieval. The hope is that encoding an image with a cod...

Mobility is often regarded as a necessity we cannot avoid due to professional and private activities in our daily lives. Waiting for the train, being trapped in a traffic jam, and the like, are generally perceived as time-consuming and enervating. Mobile computing has opened a bunch of new possibilities for entertainment which can help us to make the best of our journey. Mobile phone games and ...

In complex proximal humerus fractures, positioning of the tuberosities can be a challenge. This study demonstrates the constant angle between the pectoralis major (PM) and the medial lip of the bicipital groove (BG) on the horizontal axial plane. This angle can be used to determine the rotation, as well as the positioning of the tuberosities, when planning a hemiarthroplasty or a reconstruction...

This article develops an evolutional fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO) learning algorithm to self extract the near optimum codebook of vector quantization (VQ) for carrying on image compression. The fuzzy particle swarm optimization vector quantization (FPSOVQ) learning schemes, combined advantages of the adaptive fuzzy inference method (FIM), the simple VQ concept and the efficient part...

We use weak gravitational lensing to measure mean mass profiles around Locally Brightest Galaxies (LBGs). These are selected from the SDSS/DR7 spectroscopic and photometric catalogues to be brighter than any neighbour projected within 1.0 Mpc and differing in redshift by < 1000 km/s. Most (> 83%) are expected to be the central galaxies of their dark matter halos. Previous stacking analyses have...

The latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG)-the pattern of increasing taxonomic richness with decreasing latitude-is prevalent in the structure of the modern biota. However, some freshwater taxa show peak richness at mid-latitudes; for example, extant Testudines (turtles, terrapins and tortoises) exhibit their greatest diversity at 25° N, a pattern sometimes attributed to recent bursts of clima...