Defense counsel in European antitrust proceedings have long bemoaned the fact that "fundamental rights" did not effectively find their way into the fabric of the rights of the defence, despite their appearance in the European Convention on Human Rights (the "EHCR"). Many had hoped that this situation would change with the embodiment of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union int...

Infringement actions and EU values – constitutional backsliding in Hungary Poland the role of Court Justice judicial independence Article 19 TEU Charter Fundamental Rights toolkit to protect political mechanisms a bottom-up approach

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to examine the case for and challenges to implementing random breath testing (RBT) in Canada, with a particular focus on the persistence of impaired driving under the current method of law enforcement. It seeks to place RBT within Canada's existing legal and social framework. METHODS This article reviews Canada's impaired driving record, charge and con...

Having access to high-quality healthcare is a priority issue for European citizens and is recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. The right to healthcare also encompasses situations where patients travel from one EU Member State to another and receive treatment there. This paper will explore the contradictory relation between the competence of EU Member States to regulate the...

The modernisation of the existing EU framework for personal data protection is necessary in order to fulfil the obligation incumbent on the EU legislator by virtue of Article 16 TFEU. It is also an essential element of delivering effective protection of the fundamental rights of EU citizens to privacy and personal data protection set out in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights ...

BACKGROUND The awareness of patient's rights is negligible in developing countries where no legal framework is present to protect these rights and Pakistan is no exception. Not only is there an absence of legal structure for protection of patients' rights, but the enforcement and implementation for existing law is also questionable. Pakistan has an Islamic Charter of Medical and Health Ethics w...

This article examines the extent to which inclusion of European Union (EU) Charter Fundamental Rights in Treaty Lisbon, gives legal force socio-economic rights as well civil and political rights, will succeed helping EU member states meet international treaty obligations implement rights. Will EU’s renewed commitment developing social sphere, post-Brexit, be more successful British citizens los...

Faced with the present migrant crisis and dismal record of Europe in protecting vulnerable refugees’ migrants’ rights, what could be view moral philosopher? The contrast between principles enshrined European Charter Fundamental Rights reality policies is shocking, but more scrutiny will show that it result a larger trend towards an understanding freedom mostly economic terms, at time when econo...

The term, "non-governmental organization" or NGO, came into currency in 1945 because of the need for the UN to differentiate in its Charter between participation rights for intergovernmental specialized agencies and those for international private organizations. At the UN, virtually all types of private bodies can be recognized as NGOs. They only have to be independent from government control, ...