Thrombin is a mammalian serine proteinase that plays a prominent role in the maintenance and regulation of hemostasis through its interaction with various substrates and/or ligands. The venoms of several snakes contain glycosylated serine proteinases that have been recognized to possess one or more of the essential activities of thrombin on fibrinogen (Fg) and/or platelets. These proteinases sh...

Snake venom can cause local tissue damage and lead to coagulopathy, shock, neurotoxicity and acute kidney injury. Hypopituitarism is a rare complication following snake bite. It has been described following Russell's viper bite from Burma and South India. Herein we describe a patient who presented with severe thyrotoxicosis and partial hypopituitarism following snake bite.

Within some species, squirrels respond to variable selection from venomous snake predators by showing population-level variation in resistance, while between species, some rattlesnakes possess venom that is more effective at overcoming venom resistance in different species of squirrels. A functional evaluation of resistance variation to venom within and between species of squirrels and snakes c...

Common techniques for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been successful, and thus the design and discovery of new compounds with better anti-cancer function are needed. Snake venom is among the most important compounds used by researchers to the treatment of various cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity effect of Persian Gulf snake venom (Enhydrina sch...

BACKGROUND Snakebite is a global health issue and treatment with antivenom continues to be problematic. Brown snakes (genus Pseudonaja) are the most medically important group of Australian snakes and there is controversy over the dose of brown snake antivenom. We aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of definite brown snake (Pseudonaja spp.) envenoming, and determine the dos...

Accelerated evolution of toxins is a unique feature of venoms, with the toxins evolving via the birth-and-death mode of molecular evolution. The venoms of sea snakes, however, are remarkably simple in comparison to those of land snakes, which contain highly complex venoms. Aipysurus eydouxii (Marbled sea snake) is a particularly unique sea snake, feeding exclusively upon fish eggs. Secondary to...