PURPOSE This pioneering study aimed to investigate social disparities in breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) incidence rates among women across Iran's provinces from 2003 to 2009. METHODS Provincial level population distribution data pertaining to women were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Age-standardized incidence rates of BC and OC were gathered from the National Cance...

Emissions embodied in provincial trade (EEPT) have important effects on provinces' responsibilities for carbon emission reductions. Based on a multi-regional input-output model, we calculated EEPT for China's 30 provinces in 2002, 2007 and 2010, and we attempted to determine the drivers of EEPT. The results showed that, during this period, the ratio of EEPT to production-based emissions increas...

The southern coast of Australia is composed of three distinct biogeographic provinces distinguished primarily by intertidal community composition. Several ecological mechanisms have been proposed to explain their formation and persistence, but no consensus has been reached. The marine clam Lasaea australis is arguably the most common bivalve on southern Australian rocky shores and occurs in all...

D ollar for dollar, the provinces with the highest veterinary fees in Canada are the conspicuous ones — Alberta with its oil-fueled hyperinflation, and Ontario with its long history of economic research and fee guides. However, most provinces have similar fees after adjustments have been made for differences in cost of living. In 4 of the 7 provinces studied, the cost of living adjusted compani...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and the second most frequent cause in women in Spain. It is responsible for 12% and 10%, respectively, of all-cause mortality. Our aim was to identify those provinces where recent trends differ significantly from the overall national pattern of decreasing rates in recent years, and where interven...

BACKGROUND Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an acute febrile haemorrhagic disease. This study was conducted to ascertain the infection status amongst slaughterhouse workers in Iran's north-eastern provinces (Razavi and northern and southern Khorasan), so that analysis of the results could help clarification of the epidemiology of this disease in the aforementioned provinces and eastern...

BACKGROUND Health workforce distribution is so important in access posture, coverage and equity. Following millennium development goals (MDGs), special attention to health workforces in relation with maternal and child health is required. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to determine distribution of maternal and child health related workforces in Iran during 2010-2012, using inequal...

Though the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was introduced into China more than 60 years ago, the genetic diversity and structure of this exotic insect pest and virus vector have not been studied. To investigate the population genetic characteristics of this invasive species and to identify potential invasion routes, the genetic diversity and po...

BACKGROUND Analysis of patient mobility in a country not only gives an idea of how the health-care system works, but also can be a guideline to determine the quality of health care and health disparity among regions. Even though determination of patient movement is important, it is not often realized that patient mobility could have a unique pattern beyond health-related endowments (e.g., facil...