A review has been performed of the current method of forecasting CO2 emissions fromaircraft using UK airports. The current approach uses the CORINAIR Guidebook data tocalculate the fuel burn by individual aircraft on each route. The assessment has coveredthe mapping of aircraft types to those in CORINAIR, the accuracy of the data (bycomparison with data from the AERO2k greenhous...

Drought stress (DS) is an important limiting factor for crop growth and production in some regions of the world. Limitation in water availability precludes optimal irrigation in some production regions. Therefore, investigations on the interaction of other factors to mitigate the DS to varying degree are important. Two field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm of the National Re...

Water management and utilization is an ongoing problem in developing countries with semi-arid to arid climates such as Afghanistan. The lack of effective irrigation systems are oftentimes the most limiting factor for maximizing agricultural productivity in these countries. In Afghanistan, the most widely used irrigation methods are basin/border for cereal crops and furrow for vegetables and gra...

Spatial variability in crop production occurs as a result of spatial and temporal variations in soil structure and fertility; soil physical, chemical and hydraulic properties; irrigation applications; pests and diseases; and plant genetics. It is argued that this variability can be managed and the efficiency of irrigation water use increased by spatially variable application of irrigation water...

BACKGROUND Although the use of potable water for wound irrigation is attractive in an austere environment, its effectiveness has not been tested. We sought to compare the effectiveness of potable water irrigation in reducing bacterial number with that of normal saline irrigation. METHODS We used an established caprine model involving the creation of a reproducible complex musculoskeletal woun...

A fuzzy control irrigation system for cotton field is presented in this paper. The system is composed of host computer, slave computer controller, communication module, soil water sensors, valve controllers, and system software. A fuzzy control model is constructed to control the irrigation time and irrigation quantity for cotton filed. According to the water-required rules of different cotton ...

The North China Plain is one of the most important grain production regions in China, but is facing serious water shortages. To achieve a balance between water use and the need for food self-sufficiency, new water efficient irrigation strategies need to be developed that balance water use with farmer net return. The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis Wheat (CERES-Wheat model) was calibrated an...

Precision irrigation in fuzzy control system based on crop water stress acoustic monitoring was designed in the paper. Moreover, conventional double fuzzy control model was found to carry out two work mode, normal irrigation and precision irrigation, which aims to both ensure normal growth of crops and achieve effective water-saving. Since five input signals affect output in different degree, t...

A theory based on Manning roughness equation, Philip equation and water balance equation was developed which only employed the advance distance in the calculation of the infiltration parameters and irrigation coefficients in both the border irrigation and the surge irrigation. The improved procedure was validated with both the border irrigation and surge irrigation experiments. The main results...

Despite of the water use increment for other sectors than agriculture, the water use for irrigation is the main water consumer in global scale. However, irrigation has been pressured by the civil society to improve water use efficiency in agriculture, to prevent water scarcity for human population that grows continuously, mainly in developing areas of the planet. On the other hand, the irrigati...