In the 2016 Bir Zeit University elections Hamas’ women launched two videos in which un-veiled, western-dressed young girls urged viewers to vote for Hamas. The sparked a passionate debate: Religious forces accused of being ‘westernized’ and abandoning norm Islamic modesty; while secular them promoting form women’s empowerment linked their success accommodating religious values ones. debate mirr...

Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto and Alimin bin Prawirodirdjo were Indonesian founding fathers who played a salient role in the national movement represented two influential groups ideas of their time, Islamism, communism. Due to significant roles Indonesia independent broader political thought, exploring is important. Hence, this article aims analyze thoughts on nationalism socialism. By using qualita...