Salmonella typhimurium causes an invasive disease in mice that has similarities to human typhoid. A type III protein secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) is essential for virulence in mice, as well as survival and multiplication within macrophages. Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are involved in the cont...

In bacteria, transformation and restriction-modification (R-M) systems play potentially antagonistic roles. While the former, proposed as a form of sexuality, relies on internalized foreign DNA to create genetic diversity, the latter degrade foreign DNA to protect from bacteriophage attack. The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is transformable and possesses either of two R-M systems, Dpn...

The Hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk is a low-lying peninsula in the Arctic on Beaufort Sea that vulnerable to coastal erosion and intermittent flooding. Most residences buildings located near coast have been relocated; those remaining are currently at risk damage or destruction during storm events. In longer term, cultural sites such as graveyard also risk. Nearby Island, beach/bluff system which shelter...

Lesbos Island was one of the first places where quarantine applied in Ottoman Empire due to its location. Many diseases such as smallpox, measles, cholera, rabies, meningitis, typhoid, and plague were widespread on island. The plague, which broke out 1907 had great effects island.With outbreak precautions be taken many places, especially island Istanbul, it connected. A bacteriologist brought f...

Understanding the changes in community structure of fishery resources island reef waters is crucial for effective resource management, as these constitute a critical link maintaining sustainable development offshore resources. The study analyzed fish surrounding Dachen Island by using data collected during four voyage surveys conducted between September 2020 and April 2021. utilized co-occurren...

Abstract For species without parental care, such as sea turtles, nest site selection is particularly important for embryo development, hatchling survival and, ultimately, reproductive success. We conducted an 8-year (2012–2019) capture–mark–recapture study of the re-nesting behaviour loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta to identify both inter- and intra-beach patterns selection. Our site, Maio Is...

This study was conducted to determine Pb (Pb) and Cd (Cd) concentrations in the liver and muscle of Platycephalus indicus (flathead) in Minab, Qeshm Island and Khamir Port in the Northeastern Persian Gulf. Moreover, the influences of season (winter and summer) and target tissue (liver and muscle) on the Pb and Cd concentrations in flathead were investigated and compared with FAO/WHO standards f...

A region is considered self-sustainable when the feed provision is adequate for all livestock demands. Livestock is fed in order to supply nutrient needs for maintenance, growth, and reproduction purposes. This study aimed to determine whether Madura Island inIndonesia is able to independently provide sufficient forage for its ruminant livestock. A Carrying Capacity Index (CCI) in four regions ...