We explore entry into a foreign market with uncertain demand growth. A multinational can serve the foreign demand by two modes, or by a combination thereof: it can export its product, or it can create productive capacity via Foreign Direct Investment. The advantage of FDI is that it allows lower marginal cost than exports. The disadvantage is that FDI is irreversible and, hence, entails the ris...

If there is one certainty about speciation, it is that those who research the process are able to disagree about almost anything. Arguments have raged over how to define species, over the importance of spatial separation and, more recently, over whether peaks of differentiation in genome scans might point to barrier loci. The debate calling attention to the shortcomings of searching for ‘genomi...

Learning is widespread in nature, occurring in most animal taxa and in several different ecological contexts and, thus, might play a key role in evolutionary processes. Here, we review the accumulating empirical evidence for the involvement of learning in mate choice and the consequences for sexual selection and reproductive isolation. We distinguish two broad categories: learned mate preferenc...

.................................................................................................................... 7 Technology and the learning process ...................................................................... 7 Technology and competitiveness ......................................................................... 10 Latecomer industrialisation and the role of technology in dev...

A Comment on Globalization-Induced Changes and the Role of FDI Policies Avik Chakrabarti * Asst. Professor of Economics, UWM

Several recent models have shown that frequency-dependent disruptive selection created by intraspecific competition can lead to the evolution of assortative mating and, thus, to competitive sympatric speciation. However, since most of these results rely on limited numerical analyses, their generality has been debated. Here, we consider one of the standard models (the so-called Roughgarden model...

In two out of three large urban epidemics of poliomyelitis the virus of this disease has been detected in samples of sewage. From one of the sites it was found repeatedly. Both positive sites were located in the vicinity of isolation hospitals, and we believe that the findings indicate that this virus can be transported, for short distances at least, through the medium of flowing sewage.

The issue of species delimitation has long been confused with that of species conceptualization, leading to a half century of controversy concerning both the definition of the species category and methods for inferring the boundaries and numbers of species. Alternative species concepts agree in treating existence as a separately evolving metapopulation lineage as the primary defining property o...