INTRODUCTION In this paper, we create an index of economic exclusion based on validated questionnaires of economic hardship and material deprivation, and examine its association with health in Canada. The main study objective is to determine the extent to which income and this index of economic exclusion index are overlapping measurements of the same concept. METHODS We used the Canadian Hous...

declining as modernization is increasing, Nigeria is still one of the poorest nations in the world and has the largest population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many women are experiencing unwanted and mistimed pregnancies, with consequences ranging from interruption of schooling to health risks and economic hardship, all of which hinder efforts to improve their socioeconomic status. By educating and e...

We explore whether a protective role for savings against future financial hardship exists using household level panel data nationally representative sample of UK households. jointly model the incidence and extent problems, dynamic two-part approach allowing different data-generating processes experiencing experienced. Our results show that: (i) saving on regular basis mitigates likelihood exper...

Although the United States has one of the highest standards of living in the world, nearly 15 percent of all households and 39 percent of near-poor households were food insecure in 2008. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly called the Food Stamp Program) is the cornerstone of federal food assistance programs and serves as the first line of defense against food-related h...

This article describes the embedding of high level synthesis algorithms in HOL. For given standard synthesis steps, we describe, how its data can be mapped to terms in HOL and the synthesis process be expressed by means of a logical derivation. In contrast to post-synthesis ver-iication techniques our approach is constructive in a sense that the proof is derived during synthesis rather than \gu...

Association of Paid Sick LeaveWith Job Retention and Financial BurdenAmongWorking Patients With Colorectal Cancer Workers who develop serious illnesses, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), can incur economic hardship, regardless of insurance coverage.1-4 Paid sick leave could reduce the need to take unpaid time off during treatment. However, 40% of US workers have no paid sick leave. Its provision...

Usinggeographicdifferences intheavailabilityof paydayloans, I estimatethe real effects of credit access among low-income households. Payday loans are small, highinterest rate loans that constitutethemarginal sourceof credit formanyhigh risk borrowers. I find no evidence that payday loans alleviate economic hardship. Tothecontrary, loanaccess leads toincreaseddifficultypayingmortgage, rent and u...

Bushmeat is an important resource in the livelihoods of many rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa and may be a crucial safety-net for the most vulnerable households, especially during times of economic hardship. However, little is known about the impacts of wildlife depletion on these functions. This study quantifies the role of bushmeat in diversified rural household economies in a wildlife...

As supported by ecological systems theory and the family stress model of economic hardship, socioeconomic status can directly be related to adolescent adjustment outcomes including selfregulation, academic performance, and substance use as well as be indirectly related to these outcomes through the mediator of parental monitoring. Data obtained from 220 adolescent (male = 55%, female = 45%, mea...