Many drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1993 for treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). One such drug is natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen Idec and Elan pharmaceuticals) which has enjoyed great success in the management of MS since its re-introduction in 2006. One of the complications of using natalizumab is the risk of development of progressi...

C virus is a highly seroprevalent ubiquitous polyomavirus which is acquired at an early age through respiratory or oral route, Thereafter JCV establishes persistent, but mainly asymptomatic, infections in various tissues, including the genitourinary tract and brain. In individuals with altered immunity, viral replication can occur leading to serious organ diseases. In contrast to polyomavirus B...

A 67-year-old man with chronic lymphatic leukemia presented with a 1-month history of subacute right hemiparesis with right central facial palsy and right extensor plantar response, but without sensory deficits. MRI showed hyperintense lesions along the pyramidal tracts on T2-weighted and FLAIR images (figure). CSF PCR revealed JC virus infection leading to the diagnosis multifocal leukoencepha...

Background. Natalizumab- (NTZ-) associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe and often disabling infectious central nervous system disease that can become evident in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients after NTZ discontinuation. Recently, novel diagnostic biomarkers for the assessment of PML risk in NTZ treated MS patients such as the anti-JC virus antibody index have be...

BK and JC polyomaviruses can be associated with nephropathy following renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, load, and genotypes of BK and JC viruses circulated in potential kidney donors in Kuwait. The detection of polyomavirus DNA was carried out in serum and urine samples of 165 potential kidney donors. Seventy (42%) individuals were tested positive for...

South African Journal of Occupational Therapy — Volume 41, Number 1, March 2011 ❒ 20. Barbalet JM. Boredom and social meaning. British Journal of Sociology, 1999; 50: 631-646. 21. Pavis S & Cunningham-Burley S. Male youth street culture: understanding the context of health-related behaviours. Health Education Research, 1999; 14, 583-596. 22. Scitovsky T. Boredom – an overlooked disease? Challen...

Many humans have antibodies against simian lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPyV), but its DNA has not been found in humans. Identification of human polyomavirus 9 (HPyV9) led us to compare the seroprevalence and cross-reactivity of LPyV and HpyV9. Results could indicate that humans who have antibodies against LPyV are infected by HPyV9.