The dehydrogenation of a Jet A hydrocarbon mixture was investigated for the production of hydrogen for fuel cell applications. This process differs from steam/partial oxidation reforming of hydrocarbons in that the hydrogen produced is free of CO, and therefore can be used in low temperature fuel cells without further purification. Because of their relative importance with respect to the spectr...

Abstract Hydrazine is a hazardous chemical commonly used as a reactant in rocket and jet fuel cells. Animal studies have demonstrated hepatic changes after hydrazine inhalation. Human case reports of hydrazine inhalation hepatotoxicity are rare. We report a case of mild hepatotoxicity following brief hydrazine vapour inhalation in a healthy young man, which resolved completely on expectant mana...

Jet fuel range branched cycloalkanes with high density (0.82 g mL(-1)) and low freezing point (217-219 K) was first prepared by the solvent-free intramolecular aldol condensation of the trione from the hydrolysis of the alkylation product of mesityl oxide and 2-methylfuran (or the one-pot reaction of mesityl oxide, 2-methylfuran and water), followed by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO).

Diesel or jet fuel range branched alkanes were synthesized for the first time by the combination of hydroxyalkylation-alkylation (HAA) of 2-methylfuran with hydroxyacetone and subsequent hydrodeoxygenation. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the hydroxyl group, the hydroxyacetone route exhibited evident advantages (higher HAA reactivity and diesel yield) over the previous acetone route.

Biosynthetic valencene, premnaspirodiene, and natural caryophyllene were hydrogenated and evaluated as high performance fuels. The parent sesquiterpenes were then isomerized to complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with the heterogeneous acid catalyst Nafion SAC-13. High density fuels with net heats of combustion ranging from 133-141 000 Btu gal(-1), or up to 13% higher than commercial jet fuel coul...

In many severe accidents involving explosions or large fires, jet fires have been the first step of a domino effect sequence: a recent historical analysis has shown that among the accidents registered in the data bases, in approximately 50% of the cases in which it was a jet fire it caused another event with severe effects. However, the knowledge of jet fires essential features –behaviour, effe...

Combustion kinetics ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Physical mixing and its effects on ignition, propagation and extinction ...................................................... 2 Mixing ...........................................................................................................

The biocidal and biostatic activities of seven glycol monoalkyl ether compounds were evaluated as part of an effort to find an improved anti-icing additive for jet aircraft fuel. Typical fuel contaminants, Cladosporium resinae, Gliomastix sp., Candida sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a mixed culture containing sulfate-reducing bacteria were used as assay organisms. Studies were carried out over...

Progress in the performance of tokamak devices has enabled not only the production of significant bursts of fusion energy from deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and the Joint European Torus (JET) but, more importantly, the initial study of the physics of burning magnetically confined plasmas. TFTR and JET, in conjunction with the worldwide fusion effort, ...

The Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion regime has received interest from the industrial furnace and gas turbine engine industries due to attractive properties of reduced NOx emissions and high thermal efficiency. MILD combustion is characterized by low oxygen concentrations (i.e. 3-9% by volume) and high reactant temperatures. The focus of the current study was to underst...