BACKGROUND In this study we aimed to identify and review publications relating to the diagnosis of joint hypermobility and instability and develop an evidence based approach to the diagnosis of children presenting with joint hypermobility and related symptoms. METHODS We searched Medline for papers with an emphasis on the diagnosis of joint hypermobility, including Heritable Disorders of Conn...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether an exercise program, initially focusing on knee stabilization and subsequently on muscle strength and performance of daily activities is more effective than an exercise program focusing on muscle strength and performance of daily activities only, in reducing activity limitations in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and instability of the knee joint. DESIG...

The Hill-Sachs lesion is an osseous defect of the humeral head that is typically associated with anterior shoulder instability. The incidence of these lesions in the setting of glenohumeral instability is relatively high and approaches 100% in persons with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Reverse Hill-Sachs lesion has been described in patients with posterior shoulder instability. Gleno...

Complex elbow instability consists of dislocation of the ulnohumeral joint with a concomitant fracture of one or several of the bony stabilizers of the elbow, including the radial head, proximal ulna, coronoid process, or distal humerus. Recurrent instability is not often associated with simple dislocation, but an improperly managed complex dislocation may be a prelude to chronic, recurrent elb...

AIM Atlantoaxial instability is a special entity that may be caused by many disorders such as trauma, tumor, arthritis, congenital malformation and infection. Atlantoaxial fixation is needed to provide stability, prevent neurological deficits and correct deformity. The objective of this study is to introduce an alternative technique for the treatment of atlantoaxial instability in patients who ...

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between ligamentum flavum (LF) thickening and lumbar segmental instability and disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Posterior spinal structures, including LF thickness, play a major role in lumbar spinal canal stenosis pathogenesis. The cause of LF thickening is multifactorial and...

The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints bestow important strength to the longitudinal and transverse arch systems of the hand. In addition, these joints guide active movements of the fingers in 2 degrees of freedom, while allowing sufficient laxity for passive accessory motions. Both stability and mobility functions are attained in the healthy hand by a complex interaction among the muscles and th...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The shoulder joint has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body and as a result is particularly susceptible to dislocation and subluxation. Recurrent instability is a common complication after traumatic shoulder dislocation in young people, with rates as high as 100% in skeletally immature patients and 96% in for adolescents. Treatment for shoulder dislocation has...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE Lumbar segmental instability is a key factor determining whether decompression alone or decompression and fusion surgery is required to treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Some recent reports have suggested that facet joint effusion is correlated with spinal segmental instability. The aim of this study is to report the effect of facet effusio...

BACKGROUND In recent years several unstable shoe designs that cause increased instability at the ankle joint have been developed with the aims of training static and dynamic posture and postural control. However, earlier research found significant gender differences in the generation of ankle torque and in the reaction times after a perturbation. Therefore it is possible that men and women are ...