We examine whether conservative white males are more likely than are other adults in the U.S. general public to endorse climate change denial. We draw theoretical and analytical guidance from the identityprotective cognition thesis explaining the white male effect and from recent political psychology scholarship documenting the heightened system-justification tendencies of political conservativ...

In an attempt to explain the stability of hierarchy, we focus on the perspective of the powerless and how a subjective sense of dependence leads them to imbue the system and its authorities with legitimacy. In Study 1, we found in a nationally representative sample of U.S. employees that financial dependence on one’s job was positively associated with the perceived legitimacy of one’s superviso...

According to the system justification theory (SJT), stereotypes can be conceptualized as tools of system justification. Because relatively few studies have directly examined this assumption, we conducted two studies in which the relationships between stereotype endorsement of various disadvantaged groups (i.e. women, Arabs, the poor and Gypsies) and system justification ideologies were explored...

Justification is the process of constructing evidence, in terms of proof, for the truth or falsity of an answer derived by tabled evaluation. The evidence is most easily constructed by post-processing the memo tables created during query evaluation. In this paper we introduce online justification, based on program transformation, to efficiently construct the evidence during query evaluation, wh...

Justification logics are modal logics that include justifications for the agent’s knowledge. So far, there are no decidability results available for justification logics with negative introspection. In this paper, we develop a novel model construction for such logics and show that justification logics with negative introspection are decidable for finite constant specifications. §

We investigate the complexity of derivability for two-agent Justification Logic. For this purpose we revisit Yavorskaya’s two-agent LP with interactions (2008), we simplify the syntax and provide natural extensions. We consider two-agent versions of other justification logics as well as ways to combine two justification logics. For most of these cases we prove that the upper complexity bound es...

According to an ancient and honorable tradition, knowledge isjustified true belief. But what is this "justification?" Theologians of the Protestant Reformation (however things may stand with their contemporary epigoni) had a clear conception of justification; justification, they held, is by faith. Contemporary epistemologists, sadly enough, do not thus speak with a single voice. They don't ofte...

Three studies examined the hypothesis that system justification is negatively associated with collective protest against ingroup disadvantage. Effects of uncertainty salience, ingroup identification, and disruptive versus nondisruptive protest were also investigated. In Study 1, college students who were exposed to an uncertainty salience manipulation and who scored higher on system justificati...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate the percentage of unjustified examinations among all the CT and MRI studies performed by two radiology departments and to determine the types of examinations which are most commonly carried out unnecessarily. MATERIAL/METHODS Three radiologists assessed the justification of CT and MRI examinations performed during a period of 14 days based o...

The Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem consists of finding start times for precedence-constrained activities which compete over renewable resources, with the goal to produce the shortest schedule. The method of Justification is a very popular post-processing schedule optimization technique which, although it is not clear exactly why, has been shown to work very well, even improving...