To identify the enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO) in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), studies were performed in wild-type and genetically engineered endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS(-)] and neuronal NOS [nNOS(-)] mice. Under nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) conditions, LES ring preparations developed spontaneous tone in all animals. In the wild-type mice, electrical field sti...

Neuronal release of noradrenaline is primarily responsible for the contraction of prostatic smooth muscle in all species, and this forms the basis for the use of α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonists as pharmacotherapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that a residual nonadrenergic component to nerve stimulation remains after α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism. In...

In this paper, we define \(\theta\)-\(\phi\)-contraction on a \(b\)-metric space into itself by extending \(\theta\)-\(\phi \)-contraction introduced Zheng {et al.} [D. W. Zheng, Z. Y. Cai, P. Wang, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl., \(\bf 10\) (2017), 2662--2670] in metric and also, prove \(\theta \)-type theorem the setting of spaces as well framework \(b\)-rectangular spaces. Moreover, give some appli...

This study is devoted to investigate the problem whether existence and uniqueness of integral type contraction mappings on orthogonal metric spaces. At end, we give an example illustrative our main result.

We investigate the role of M(2)-muscarinic receptors in maintaining neurogenic bladder contraction during hyperglycemia. Mice were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (125 mg/kg), and neurogenic contraction of urinary bladder from wild type and M(2)-muscarinic receptor knockout (M(2) KO) mice was measured at 8 to 24 weeks after treatment. In wild-type bladder lacking urothelium, the s...

In this manuscript, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a common fixed point for continuous self-mapping over closed subset Hilbert space satisfying non-linear rational type contraction condition.

Fibroblasts can contract collagen gels, a process thought to be related to tissue remodeling. Because epithelial cells are also involved in repair responses, we postulated that human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) could cause contraction of collagen gels. To evaluate this, HBECs were plated on the top of native type I collagen gels and were incubated for 48 h. After this, the gels were rele...

Abstract In this article we make an improvement in the Banach contraction using a controlled function metric like spaces, which generalizes many results literature. Moreover, present application on Fredholm type integral equation.

Contraction theory entails a theoretical framework in which convergence of a nonlinear system can be analysed differentially in an appropriate contraction metric. This paper is concerned with utilizing stochastic contraction theory to conclude on exponential convergence of the Unscented Kalman-Bucy Filter. The underlying process and measurement models of interest are Itô-type stochastic differe...