BACKGROUND/AIMS Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and Kupffer cells (KCs) are involved in the development of liver fibrosis and represent a potential therapeutic target. The therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis of sorafenib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), which depletes KCs, were evaluated in rats. METHODS Liver f...

Senile lentigo (SL) is a common hyperpigmented disorder that typically develops in chronically sun-exposed skin. It already known the accumulation of melanosomes keratinocytes (KCs) caused by activated melanocytes and delayed turnover accompanied aberrant epidermal differentiation. Some histological analyses show hyperplasia composed pigmented KCs SL. However, these mechanisms SL have been poor...

24 High fructose feeding impairs copper status and leads to low copper availability, which is 25 a novel mechanism in obesity related fatty liver. Copper deficiency associated hepatic 26 iron overload likely plays an important role in fructose-induced liver injury. Excess iron 27 in the liver is distributed throughout hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs). The aim of this 28 study was to examine ...

PURPOSE To describe, apply, and test a new ocular grading system for assessing keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) using lissamine green and fluorescein. DESIGN Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study. METHODS The National Institutes of Health-funded Sjögren's Syndrome International Registry (called Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance [SICCA]) is developing sta...

Restoration of epidermal barrier (epithelialization), is a major component of cutaneous response to stress imposed by wounding. Learning physiologic regulation of epithelialization may lead to novel treatments of chronic wounds. The non-canonical ligands of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors SLURP (secreted mammalian Ly-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related proteins)-1 and -2 a...

Noisy or spontaneous activity is common in neural systems and poses a challenge to detecting and discriminating signals. Here we use the locust to answer fundamental questions about noise in the olfactory system: Where does spontaneous activity originate? How is this activity propagated or reduced throughout multiple stages of neural processing? What mechanisms favor the detection of signals de...

Severe heat stroke (HS) consists of extreme hyperthermia with thermoregulatory failure, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Liver injury is a complication of HS that is associated with inflammatory responses and Kupffer cells (KCs), which are resident macrophages in the liver that serve as a major source of inflammatory cytokines; however, the association and the underlying mechanisms of K...

BACKGROUND Drosophila olfactory aversive conditioning produces two components of intermediate-term memory: anesthesia-sensitive memory (ASM) and anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM). Recently, the anterior paired lateral (APL) neuron innervating the whole mushroom body (MB) has been shown to modulate ASM via gap-junctional communication in olfactory conditioning. Octopamine (OA), an invertebrate a...

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) or dry eye disease (DED) is an immune-mediated multifactorial disease, with high level of prevalence in humans and dogs. Our aim in this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) implanted around the lacrimal glands in 12 dogs (24 eyes) with KCS, which is refractory to current available tre...

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed clinical and cyto-histomorphological parameters of the ocular surface Shih Tzu dogs, non-carriers carriers quantitative keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) at different stages. Thirty-five eyes from 23 male female dogs between two eight years were evaluated in four groups: control group (CG - without KCS), mild KCS (KCS1), moderate (KCS2), severe (KCS3). Most variable...