A method is presented for checking the treatment time calculation for high dose rate (HDR) vaginal cylinder treatments. The method represents an independent check of the HDR planning system and can take into account nonuniform isodose line coverage around the cylinder. Only the air kerma strength of the source and information that is available from the written directive are required. The maximu...

BACKGROUND Two studies, each consisting of large sample sets, were recently published on radiation exposure in percutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) trialing procedures. A more rigorous use of statistical methods in the second study more accurately defined benchmark reference levels. Principally, one physician implanter-considered an advanced interventional pain physician-performed all suc...

An extrapolation minichamber was developed for measuring doses from weakly penetrating types of radiation. The chamber was tested at the radiotherapeutic dose level in a beam from a (90)Sr+(90)Y check source, in a beam from a plane (90)Sr+(90)Y ophthalmic applicator, and in several reference beams from an X-ray tube. Saturation, ion collection efficiency, stabilization time, extrapolation curve...

A vacuum-sealed miniature X-ray tube based on a carbon nanotube field-emission electron source has been demonstrated. The diameter of the X-ray tube is 10 mm; the total length of the tube is 50 mm, and no external vacuum pump is required for the operation. The maximum tube voltage reaches up to 70 kV, and the X-ray tube generates intense X-rays with the air kerma strength of 108 Gy·cm2 min-1. I...

The IAEA Code of Practice for Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams TRS 277 gives recommendations for the absorbed dose determination in high energy photon and electron beams based on the use of ionization chambers calibrated in terms of air kerma. It was the task of the present work to test the validity of the Code for *°Co gamma radiation for ton different types of ionizati...

Abstract A transition to a mechanical source for x-ray reference field is desired replace high-activity Co-60 and Cs-137 gamma-ray sources enhancing nuclear security safety management. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) developed new photon using an electron beam from linac with energy less than 1 MeV. effective the comparable gamma-ray. air kerma rate in was validated by comparin...