OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of the anesthetic combination tiletamine, zolazepam, ketamine, and xylazine (TKX) for anesthesia of feral cats at large-scale neutering clinics. DESIGN Original study. ANIMALS 7,502 feral cats. PROCEDURE Cats were trapped by their caretakers for a feral cat neutering program from July 1996 to August 2000. The anesthetic combination TKX was injected IM into ca...

In vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is a sensitive and reliable technique for studying gene expression, although experiments must be controlled tightly to obtain reproducible and quantitative measurements. The luciferase reaction depends on the availability of the reaction substrate, oxygen, and ATP, the distribution of which can vary markedly in different tissues. Here we used in vivo fiber ...

Most anesthetics induce characteristic hemodynamic changes leading to blood pressure (BP) reduction but the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in this BP reduction is unknown. We therefore studied the influence of four widely used anesthetics - pentobarbital (P), isoflurane (ISO), ketamine-xylazine (KX) and chloralose-urethan...

Understanding the impact of active dendritic properties on network activity in vivo has so far been restricted to studies in anesthetized animals. However, to date no study has been made to determine the direct effect of the anesthetics themselves on dendritic properties. Here, we investigated the effects of three types of anesthetics commonly used for animal experiments (urethane, pentobarbita...

Cerebellar cortical interneurons such as Golgi cells, basket cells, stellate cells, unipolar brush cells, and granule cells play an essential role in the operations of the cerebellum. However, detailed functional studies of the activity of these cells in both anesthetized and behaving animals have been hampered by problems in recognizing their physiological signatures. We have extracellularly r...

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The Ketamine Stun is simply the addition of a small dose of ketamine to any injectable chemical restraint technique. I initially developed the Ketamine Stun technique in the early 1990's to cover my limited cat handling abilities. My first exposure to camelid patients came when I left equine practice to teach at Ohio State. The recalcitrant behavior they frequently exhibited quickly led to expe...

Evaluation of the impact of anesthesia on oral glucose tolerance in mice. Anesthesia is often used when performing OGTT in mice to avoid the stress of gavage and blood sampling, although anesthesia may influence gastrointestinal motility, blood glucose, and plasma insulin dynamics. C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized using the following commonly used regimens: (1) hypnorm/midazolam repetitive or sin...