Highly proficient German users of English as a second language, and native speakers of American English, listened to nonsense sequences and responded whenever they detected an embedded English word. The responses of both groups were equivalently facilitated by preceding context that both by English and by German phonotactic constraints forced a boundary at word onset (e.g., lecture was easier t...

Speakers who live in an L2 environment for an extended period of time often experience change in the way in which they use their L1, a process referred to as L1 attrition. This article provides an overview of language attrition phenomena at various linguistic levels. However, attrition cannot be trivially or linearly related to factors such as the frequency of use of the L1. It is argued here t...

In the paper a first order language is constructed. It includes the universal quantifier and the following propositional connectives: truth, negation, and conjunction. The variables are divided into three kinds: bound variables, fixed variables, and free variables. An infinite number of predicates for each arity is provided. Schemes of structural induction and schemes justifying definitions by ...

Ezhil(எழல) is a Tamil language based interpreted procedural programming language. Tamil keywords and grammar are chosen to make the native Tamil speaker write programs in the Ezhil(எழல) system. Ezhil(எழல) allows easy representation of computer program closer to the Tamil language logical constructs equivalent to the conditional, branch and loop statements in modern English based programming lan...