Hybrid knowledge model is suggested as an underlying framework for product development management. It can support such hybrid features as ontologies and rules. Effective collaboration in product development environment depends on sharing and reasoning product information as well as engineering knowledge. Many studies have considered product information and engineering knowledge. However, most p...

Software product lines are a widely accepted strategy to develop software products with variable features. Deriving a product line from existing customised product copies is still an open issue. Existing approaches try to extract encapsulated reusable components, or analyse features on a product management level. However, support for understanding implementation differences and designing variat...

|Algorithms that must deal with complicated \global" functions of many variables often exploit the manner in which the given functions factor as a product of \local" functions. Such a factorization can be visualized with a bipartite graph that we call a factor graph. In this tutorial paper, we present a generic message-passing algorithm, the sum-product algorithm, that operates in a factor grap...

Reverse supply chain is a process dealing with the backward flows of used/damaged products or materials. Reverse supply chain includes activities such as collection, inspection, reprocess, disposal and redistribution. A well-organized reverse supply chain can provide important advantages such as economic and environmental ones. In this study, we propose a general framework and formulate a m...