background: the purpose of this study was to investigate the ratio of electromyography (em g) activities of the vastus medialis obliqus (vmo) and vastus lateralis (vl) within seven angles of knee joint range of motion using isometric contraction in open kinetic chain (ok c) and closed kinetic chain (ckc). methods: the dominant knees of 44 healthy female subjects (mean age: 24.84 with range: 20-...

We present a computer-assisted approach to approximating coarse optimal switching policies for systems described by microscopic/stochastic evolution rules. The “coarse timestepper” constitutes a bridge between the underlying kinetic Monte Carlo simulation and traditional, continuum numerical optimization techniques formulated in discrete time. The approach is illustrated through a simplified ki...

Chemical kinetic systems are modeled by dissipative ordinary differential equations involving multiple time scales. These lead to a phase flow generating anisotropic volume contraction. Kinetic model reduction methods generally exploit time scale separation into fast and slow modes, which leads to the occurrence of low-dimensional slow invariant manifolds. The aim of this paper is to review and...