The collisional effects on the kinetics of interactions between a high-power subpicosecond laser and a solidcarbon thin film in a fast-ignition scenario are investigated by one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Collisions are found to play an essential role in energy absorption and transport, compared to collisionless cases. In the collisional cases, the absorption at the heating edge, ...

The photocycle of the acid-purple form of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) was studied by multiwavelength absorption kinetic measurements. The data were evaluated using a new method based on the differences in the kinetics of the absorption changes at different wavelengths [Tokaji, Zs. (1995) FEBS Lett. 357, 156-160]. The evaluation indicates that, in contrast to the previous suggestion, the photocycle o...

The supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) represents a new thermodynamically stable formulation approach wherein it is designed to contain a reduced amount of surfactant and a water-soluble polymer (precipitation inhibitor or supersaturated promoter) to prevent precipitation of the drug by generating and maintaining a supersaturated state in-vivo. The supersatur...

Gastrointestinal absorption and disposition of ketones is complex. Recent work describing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) following oral ingestion of a ketone monoester ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) found multiple input sites, nonlinear disposition and feedback on endogenous production. In the current work, a human systems pharmacology model for gastrointesti...

A descriptive study of isothermal kinetics of diclofenac release from chitosan-g-acrylic acid (Chit-AA) hydrogel and chitosan-g-(acrylic acid-co-[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) (Chit-AA-AETM) hydrogel was carried out. Isothermal kinetic curves for diclofenac release from both hydrogels in distilled water at various temperatures of 20-42°C were studie...

In order to assess the in vivo efficacy of mycotoxin binders, specific toxicokinetic parameters should be measured according to European guidelines. For this purpose, an absorption model in pigs is described with emphasis on absorption kinetics. Pigs received a single oral bolus of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol alone or in combination with active carbon (applied as mycotoxin binder). After admin...