When startup innovation involves a potentially disruptive technology – initially lagging in the predominant performance metric, but with a potentially favorable trajectory of improvement – incumbents may be wary of engaging in cooperative commercialization with the startup. While the prevailing theory of disruptive innovation suggests that this will lead to (exclusively) competitive commerciali...

As digital technology over open networks evolves, commercialization of video streams is coming of age. Traditional models for video stream commercialization suffer from copyright infringement as digital technologies allow for easy and low cost reproduction of digital content. Models for the commercialization of video streams that preserve copyrights and scale well to a large number of users wou...

Using a new dataset encompassing more than 2,200 inventions made by Max Planck Society researchers from 1980 to 2004, we explore how licensee and technology characteristics affect the licensing and commercialization of technologies from public research. We find no evidence that spin-offs and external licensees systematically differ in their likelihood of successful commercialization. Technologi...

though the worldwide age of nanotechnology dates back to almost half a century, it has become an influential technology in industry. nanotechnology has become a competitive advantage with a rapid growth rate for iran nearly for a decade. above all, the pursuit of competitive advantage in the field of nanotechnology involves the commercialization of academic research. based on the theoretical fo...

Abstract In the past 60 years, China's hybrid rice has developed from a three‐line system to two‐line system: This enriched knowledge of heterosis and crop breeding. At same time, large‐scale commercialization made great contributions production.