We are studying how Curry’s Combinatory Logic can be used for giving an adequate analysis of different gram matical problems such as diatheses, tenses and aspects, and lexical analyses by formal representations of meanings of verbal predicates and prepositions. The paper intends to show how Combinatory Logic can solve on the one hand, the formal representations of tenses and aspects in natural ...

Various word-processing system have been developed to identify grammatical errors and mark learners’ essays. However, they are not specifically developed for Malaysian ESL (English as a second language) learners. A marking tool which is capable to identify errors in ESL writing for these learners is very much needed. Though there are numerous techniques adopted in grammar checking and automated...

For ubiquitous learning, appropriate learning objects need to be accessible at the right time and place. EFL/ESL learners face confusion in their use of appropriate English verb tenses and forms. The best place to locate such learning objects is in the learner’s awareness, so that they may creatively imagine the necessary schema, navigate through it, and locate the correct formal expression of ...

This study focuses on (1) Turkic languages in the Altaic branch of Ural-Altaic language group Asian languages, and also (2) Kurdish Indo-Iranian dialects which are spoken Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, as well (3) English Germanic European group. The syntax-cases tenses investigated. Four simple tenses, namely present, present continuous, past future tense examined individually...

This paper deals with the main similarities and differences that arise between past future tenses. In particular, we argue that, while propositions associated tenses are completely settled their truth-value can be evaluated at speech time, described by cannot seen as true or false utterance time since these linguistic forms ramifying, in they typically point to a variety of inertia histories wo...

The correct translation of verb tenses ensures that the temporal ordering of events in the source text is maintained in the target text. This paper assesses the utility of automatically labeling English Simple Past verbs with a binary discursive feature, narrative vs. non-narrative, for statistical machine translation (SMT) into French. The narrativity feature, which helps deciding which of the...

This paper presents results from two experiments which used computer-based grammar and teacher-driven grammar (chalk and talk) instructional methods. Each method involves teaching verb tenses using two deductive approaches (a) the initial rule-oriented approach (involves initial presentation of explicit rules followed by illustrative examples) and (b) the structure-guessing approach (involves e...

The notion of deductive database is generalized by extending the rst-order language, used to formulate facts, rules and constraints, to a rst-order language involving time operators. A deductive database based on such an extended language is called temporal. In this paper, we rst introduce two additional time operators, one to reference past tenses, the other to reference future tenses. Then, t...