background and purpose: a 3-unit course is dedicated to general language in medical universities and the vocabulary and text structure of the courses have usually no relation to medical language. we examine whether teaching general language will be as effective as medical language as assessed through recall of general and medical vocabulary and text structure knowledge. methods: an experimental...

Several query evaluation tasks can be done via knowledge compilation: the query result is compiled as a lineage circuit from which the answer can be determined. For such tasks, it is important to leverage some width parameters of the circuit, such as bounded treewidth or pathwidth, to convert the circuit to structured classes, e.g., deterministic structured NNFs (d-SDNNFs) or OBDDs. In this wor...

Introduction Practitioners and researchers in the area of knowledge management have focused almost exclusively on how knowledge is stored, transferred, and used within organizations. However, much knowledge is exchanged in open online forums that cross organizational boundaries. We define an electronic knowledge network (EKN) as a self-organizing, open activity system that focuses on a shared i...

AIM We aimed to explore the organization of the calendar knowledge base underlying date calculation by assessing the ability of savant calendar calculators to free recall a series of date lists. METHOD Four experiments are reported that assessed recall of structural and non-structural features of the calendar in eight savant calendar calculators (seven males; one female; median age 34 y 6 mo;...

The first third of the XXth century saw two important developments. One of these was Ramsey’s tracing of personal probabilities to an agent’s choices. This was a precursor to the work of de Finetti, von Neumann and Morgenstern, and Savage. The other one was Turing’s invention of the Turing machine and the formulation of the Church-Turing thesis according to which all computable functions on nat...

Purpose – The idea that knowledge management can be a potential source of competitive advantage has gained strength in the last few years. However, a number of business actions are needed to generate an appropriate environment and infrastructure for knowledge creation, transfer and application. Among these actions there stands out the design of an organizational structure, the link of which wit...

Genomic data of various organisms have long been studied to understand their complex nature. People found that visualization techniques are useful to unveil and understand hidden knowledge. However, the amount of genomic data along with knowledge discovered about them have been too large and complex for such analysis to be performed in real-time. Hence, we have defined two different terms of kn...

We analyze how the cost of transfering specific knowledge encourages the decentralization of decision rights and how this decentralization generates the rights assignment and control problems. Ignoring agency problems, assigning decisions rights to individuals who have the decision-relevant knowledge and abilities increases efficiency. Self interest on the part of individual decisionmakers, how...

This international comparison investigates students’ knowledge structure coherence in physics across five countries. In particular, this study investigates two possible hypotheses explaining the conflicting results obtained by Ioannides and Vosniadou (2002) and diSessa, Gillespie, and Esterly (2004) about students’ understandings of force in Greece and the United States. Ioannides and Vosniadou...

1 Heirarchical Materials Structure at Multiple Length Scales a). Ide-alized graphene crystalline structure. b). Atomic model for a five-fold icosahedral Al-Ag quasicrystals. c). Delamination cracks in h-BN particles subjected to compressive stress in the (0001) planes (within a silicon nitride particulate-reinforced silicon carbide composite. d). Electron diffraction pattern of an icosahedral Z...