Dystocia means difficult birth or inability to expel foetuses through the birth canal. The aetiology of dystocia may be maternal or foetal. Primary uterine inertia is the most common reason for dystocia in the bitch approaching 75% of the cases. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the incidence of dystocia and to find causes of primary uterine inertia. Also the treatment regimes for...

The effects of twinning, dystocia, retained placenta, and body weight on postpartum reproduction were evaluated for 3,370 single and 1,014 twin births. Females were bred by AI for 40 d followed by 20 or 30 d of natural service with equal numbers bred and calved in spring and fall. Percentage of dams cyclic by the end of the AI period was lower (P<.05) for dams birthing and nursing a single calf...

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BACKGROUND Macrosomic fetuses are high risk with their delivery process being associated with potential risk to both mother and baby The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of macrosomic births and the associated maternal characteristics and to ascertain the fetal outcome. METHODS It was a retrospective survey of maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome of macrosomic births....

OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the medical literature regarding the effects of expectant management and labor induction on mode of delivery and perinatal outcomes in patients with suspected fetal macrosomia. DATA SOURCES We supplemented a search of entries in electronic databases with references cited in original studies and review articles to identify studies assessing mana...

calving records from april 1998 to september 2006 comprising 104,572 calving events from 16 dairy herds of iran were used to analyze the potential effect of dystocia on calf stillbirth and productive traits in iranian holsteins. statistical analyses of production traits were performed using a linear mixed model procedure. also, a logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the effect o...

Calving traits for frequently used dairy breeds and crossbreeds were investigated using calving records collected in Australia over a period of 18 years. Dystocia (calving difficulty) was highest for heifers calving to Holstein-Friesian bulls, and Jersey calves caused the least dystocia. Incidence of dystocia in Holsteins was influenced by the season (gestation lengths were longer in winter, re...

OBJECTIVES To derive and validate a simple formula for birth weight based on symphysis-fundal height (SFH) measurement during labour, and to determine a useful SFH cut-off value for prediction of birth weight > or = 4000 g. METHODS In a derivation study, SFH was measured in women at term in the active phase of labour. A simplified formula for birth weight was derived from a regression equatio...

Constraints to maximal productivity from twinning in beef cattle include increased incidence of dystocia and retained placenta, longer postpartum interval, and lower conception rate. Incidence and cause(s) of the shorter gestation length and of the increased retained placenta and dystocia associated with twinning were evaluated for 3,370 single and 1,014 twin births produced in a population of ...

BACKGROUND Induction of labor is on the rise in the U.S., increasing from 9.5 percent in 1990 to 22.1 percent in 2004. Although, it is not entirely clear what proportion of these inductions are elective (i.e. without a medical indication), the overall rate of induction of labor is rising faster than the rate of pregnancy complications that would lead to a medically indicated induction. However,...