Selecting an effective method for combining the votes of base inducers in a multiclassifier system can have a significant impact on the system’s overall classification accuracy. Some methods cannot even achieve as high a classification accuracy as the most accurate base classifier. To address this issue, we present the strategy of aggregate certainty estimators, which uses multiple measures to ...

It is shown that any stabilizing, certainty equivalence control used within an adaptive control system, causes the familiar interconnection of a controlled process and associated output estimator to be detectable through the estimator's output error e p , for every frozen value of the index or parameter vector p upon which both the estimator and controller dynamics depend. The fact that certain...

Most philosophers, including all materialists I know of, believe that I am a complex thing—a thing with parts—and that my mental life is (or is a result of) the interaction of these parts. These philosophers often believe that I am a body or a brain, and my mental life is (or is a product of) brain activity. In this paper, I develop and defend a novel argument against this view. The argument tu...

Assessments of the extent of knowledge in a domain can be important since non-identified lack of knowledge may lead to decisions that do not consider the effect of relevant factors. Two studies examined experts' and novices' perception of their own ignorance and knowledge out of everything there is to know within their own and other disciplines and their assessments of their discipline's, and o...

The cornerstone of one-sector optimal economic growth models is the existence and stability of a steady-state solution for optimal consumption policies. The optimal consumption policy is the stable branch of the saddle point solution of the system of differential equations governing the dynamics of the economy. Examples of this type of behavior can be found in Cass [2] and Koopmans [4]. However...

The U.S. Supreme Court has outlined five criteria on which evaluations of eyewitness identifications should be based (certainty, view, attention, description, and time; Neil v. Biggers, 1972). We postulated that certainty plays a qualitatively different role from the four other Biggers criteria in evaluations of eyewitness identification testimony. Specifically, we hypothesized that participant...