Determination of overland sheet flow depths, velocities and celerities across the hillslope in watershed modeling is important towards estimation of surface storage, travel times to streams and soil detachment rates. It requires careful characterization of the flow processes. Similarly, determination of the temporal variation of hillslope-riparian-stream hydrologic connectivity requires estimat...

Flow-induced bioluminescence provides a unique opportunity for visualizing the flow field around a swimming dolphin. Unfortunately, previous descriptions of dolphin-stimulated bioluminescence have been largely anecdotal and often conflicting. Most references in the scientific literature report an absence of bioluminescence on the dolphin body, which has been invariably assumed to be indicative ...

The continuous development of spinning projectiles and other industrial applications has led to the need to understand the laminar boundary-layer flow and subsequent onset of transition over the general family of rotating spheroids. We begin by finding the laminar boundary-layer flow over a general spheroid. In particular, we distinguish between prolate and oblate spheroids and use an appropria...

Atherosclerosis is a focal disease that develops preferentially where nonlaminar, disturbed blood flow occurs, such as branches, bifurcations, and curvatures of large arteries. Endothelial cells sense and respond differently to disturbed flow compared with steady laminar flow. Disturbed flow that occurs in so-called atheroprone areas activates proinflammatory and apoptotic signaling, and this r...

The character of transitional capillary flow is investigated using pressure-drop measurements and instantaneous velocity fields acquired by microscopic PIV in the streamwise–wall-normal plane of a 536 lm capillary over the Reynolds-number range 1,800 £ Re £ 3,400 in increments of 100. The pressure-drop measurements reveal a deviation from laminar behavior at Re = 1,900 with the differences betw...

INTRODUCTION Medical and nursing care of newborns is predicated on the delicate control and balance of several vital parameters. Closed incubators and open radiant warmers are the most widely used devices for the care of neonates in intensive care; however, several well-known limitations of these devises have not been resolved. The use of laminar flow is widely used in many fields of medicine, ...

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have inherent underwater sensing and actuation properties. They can be used as sensors to collect flow information. Inspired by the hair-cell mediated receptor in the lateral line system of fish, the impact of a flexible, cupula-like structure on the performance of IPMC flow sensors is experimentally explored. The fabrication method to create a silicone-ca...

This paper reports on an experimental study characterizing the laminar-turbulent transition for water flow in circular microtubes. Microtubes with diameters in the range 16.6–32.2 lm of varying length were employed over the Reynolds number range 300–3400. The volume flowrate was measured for an imposed pressure differential using a timed displacement technique. Additionally, the viscous heating...

We propose a two-phase model having a Newtonian rheology for the fluid phase and friction for the particle phase to describe bed-load transport in laminar pipe flows. This model is able to provide a description of the flow of the mobile granular layer. When the flow is not significantly perturbed, simple analytical results of the particle flux varying cubically with the Shields number can be ob...

Lower-branch traveling waves and equilibria computed in pipe flow and other shear flows appear intermediate between turbulent and laminar motions. We take a step towards connecting these lower-branch solutions to transition by deriving a numerical method for finding certain special disturbances of the laminar flow in a short pipe. These special disturbances cause the disturbed velocity field to...