Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are the digital representation of natural topographic as well as man-made features located on the surface of the earth. For the last few decades, DEMs are widely used for resource management, urban planning, transportation planning, earth sciences, environmental assessments, and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. The hydrologic community is also mo...

Recent advances in land data assimilation have yielded variational smoother techniques designed to solve the surface energy balance based on remote observations of surface radiometric temperature. These approaches have a number of potential advantages over existing diagnostic models, including the ability to make energy flux predictions between observation times and reduced requirements for anc...

The paper reports the recent progress in the radiative transfer model (RTM) development, which serves as the observation operator of a Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS), and its validation at two Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) stations with different weather and land cover conditions: Wenjiang station of humid and cropped field and Gaize station of arid and bare soil field. In situ observed ...

Diffuse phosphorus (P) export from agricultural land to surface waters is a significant environmental problem. It is critical to determine the natural background P losses from diffuse sources, but their identification and quantification is difficult. In this study, three headwater catchments with differing land use (arable, pasture and forest) were monitored for 3 years to quantify exports of d...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract An integrated global water resources model was developed consisting of six modules: land surface hydrology, river routing, crop growth, reservoir operation, environmental flow requirement estimation, and anthropogenic water withdrawal. It ...

Improved understanding of the water balance in the Blue Nile is of critical importance because of increasingly frequent hydroclimatic extremes under a changing climate. The intercomparison and evaluation of multiple land surface models (LSMs) associated with different meteorological forcing and precipitation datasets can offer a moderate range of water budget variable estimates. In this context...

* Corresponding author address: Yubao Liu, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P. O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000. Phone: (303) 497-8211 Email: [email protected]

Remotely sensed rainfall is increasingly being used to manage climate-related risk in gauge sparse regions. Applications based on such data must make maximal use of the skill of the methodology in order to avoid doing harm by providing misleading information. This is especially challenging in regions, such as Africa, which lack gauge data for validation. In this study, we show how calibrated en...