Options are financial instruments designed to protect investors from the stock market randomness. In 1973, Fisher Black, Myron Scholes and Robert Merton proposed a very popular option pricing method using stochastic differential equations within the Itô interpretation. Herein, we derive the Black-Scholes equation for the option price using the Stratonovich calculus along with a comprehensive re...

An explicit representation formula for a solution is given in Theorem 1, when g is a bounded smooth vector field. The case of a complete vector field g ∈ C1(Rn,Rn) is analyzed in Theorem 2, introducing adequate stopping times. The main support in writing a solution comes from the solution yλ(τ1, τ2) = G (F (τ1, τ2)) [λ], (τ1, τ2) ∈ R, λ ∈ R, satisfying a deterministic gradient system  ∂τ1yλ (...

We calculate CFT data for the Gross-Neveu model in $2<d<4$ dimensions at next-to-leading order $1/N$ expansion. In particular, we make use of background field method to derive various conformal triangles involving composite operator $s^2$, Hubbard-Stratonovich $s$. then apply these obtain corresponding OPE coefficients.