Time is an important aspect of information in medical domains In this paper we adopt Allen s in uential interval algebra framework for representing temporal information The interval algebra allows the repre sentation of inde nite and incomplete information which is necessary in many applications However answering interesting queries in this frame work has been shown to be almost assuredly intra...

A new deduction system for deciding validity for the minimal decid-able normal modal logic K is presented in this paper. Modal logics could be very helpful in modeling dynamic and reactive systems such as bio-inspired systems and process algebras. In fact, recently it has been presented the Connectionist Modal Logics which combines the strengths of modal logics and neural networks. Thus, modal ...

We exhibit a two-prover perfect zero-knowledge proof system for 3-SAT. In this protocol, the verifier asks a single message t o each prover, whose size grows logarithmically in the size of the %SAT formula. Each prover's answer consists of only a constant number of bits. T h e verifier will always accept correct proofs. Given a n unsatisfiable formula S the verifier will reject with probability...

It is well documented that language learning success or failure is influenced by the affective side of the learner. Self-efficacy and anxiety are among the affective factors influencing language learning. This study first explores the relationship between EFL learners' self-efficacy in reading comprehension and their reading anxiety. Secondly, it explores the relationship between EFL learners' ...

This paper proposes a particular kind of logics as a formal framework for the non-formal sciences. Such logics of objects turn out to be quite different from recent mathematical logic, but they can be seen as updated versions of the classic conception of logic that is due to Frege, Russell, and the early Carnap. Though obsolete, from the point of view of pure mathematics, logics of this kind ma...

We introduce reference structures { a basic mathematical model of a data organization capable to store and utilize information about its addresses. A propositional labeled modal language is used as a speciication and programming language for reference structures; the satissability algorithm for modal language gives a method of building and optimizing reference structures satisfying a given form...

In this paper, we extend the notion of tree language quotients to bottom-up quotients. Instead of computing the residual of a tree language from top to bottom and producing a list of tree languages, we show how to compute a set of k-ary trees, where k is an arbitrary integer. We define the quotient formula for different combinations of tree languages: union, symbol products, compositions, itera...

We use the formulation of equilibrium statistical mechanics in order to study some important characteristics of language. Using a simple expression for the Hamiltonian of a language system, which is directly implied by the Zipf law, we are able to explain several characteristic features of human language that seem completely unrelated, such as the universality of the Zipf exponent, the vocabula...