The presence of substernal goiter is, per se, an indication for surgical management. Surgical approach of substernal goiter can most commonly be performed using the cervical access, but at times, a sternotomy or thoracotomy is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify the preoperative predictors of a sternotomy in the management of substernal goiter in order to provide better preoperativ...

OBJECTIVES We comprehensively estimated the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules (TNs) before and after the implementation of the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) program in mainland China and provided information for creating effective health policies. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Chinese Wanfang and Chongqing VIP databases were searched for relevant studies from Jan 1985 to Feb ...

OBJECTIVE To describe quantitative cytophotometric expression of the marker caspase-3 in colloid goiter and in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, comparing the immunoexpression between them. METHODS An immunohistochemistry study has been made on the protein caspase-3 in 17 of paraffin blocks of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and 20 cases of colloid goiter, using SAMBA 4000 ® (System of M...

Abstract Background The larynx has multiple composite functions which include phonation, airway protection, and sensory control of respiration. Stenosis the trachea were first recorded by O’Dwyer in 1885 Colles 1886, respectively. Initially, aetiology laryngotracheal stenosis was predominantly infective. Currently, leading cause is iatrogenic injury to complex secondary prolonged ventilation an...

background: some studies have shown the possible role of protein‑energy malnutrition (pem) in persistence of endemic goiter in iodine replenished areas. the present study was conducted to assess the association between pem and goiter in schoolchildren of isfahan, iran. methods: in a cross‑sectional study using multistage cluster random‑sampling, 2331 schoolchildren with age ranged from 6‑13 yea...

introduction : in order to evaluate the role of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with goiter, this study was done 10 years after implementation of iodine supplementation program ( iodised salt). the serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti tpo) and thyroglobulin antibodies (anti tg) were studied in a group of patients with simple goiter and compared with normal controls. materials an...

Pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis occurs by either congenital or acquired causes and usually indicates subglottic stenosis. The main goals of treatment are decannulation, preserving phonation, normal swallowing function. Various types degrees combined anomalies would be the barriers to reaching successful results unless comprehensive understanding Multidisciplinary team approaches encompassing...