An environmental and biological monitoring of a lead acid battery manufacturing unit was carried out to measure the respirable particulate matter, lead content in working atmosphere and blood lead levels of workers employed in different sections. The results showed high mean air lead concentration in buffing (1444.45 microg/m(3)), plate cutting (430.14 microg/m(3)) and pasting (277.48 microg/m(...

Lead-acid batteries are commonly used as power sources for critical operations in the world. They find application air-traffic control towers, uninterruptible supplies (UPS), railroad crossings, military installations, hospitals, and weapons systems. also known automotive industrial batteries. consist of large amounts lead, sulphuric acid, plastics. The acid is tremendously irritant a carrier s...

Stand alone renewable energy based on photovoltaic systems accompanied with battery storage system are beginning to play an important role over the world to supply power to remote areas. The objective of the study reported in this paper is to elaborate and design a bond graphs model for sizing standalone domestic solar photovoltaic electricity systems and simulating the performance of the syste...

The given paper deals with uninterruptible power supplies utilizing supercapacitors (ultracapacitors). Different types of supercapacitor are described. Various opportunities of supercapacitor implementation are discussed, pros and cons are compared. Experimental comparison of lead-acid battery with supercapacitor is done.

Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), represented by lead-acid batteries, play an important role in various kinds of industries. They protect industrial technologies from being damaged by dangerous interruptions of an electric power supply. Advanced UPS monitoring performed by a complex battery management system (BMS) prevents the UPS from sustaining more serious damage due to its timely and ac...

T he use of lead in the electronics industry today accounts for approximately 7% of total lead consumption.' The single largest use of lead is in the manufacture of storage batteries, which accounts for 60% of the total lead produced.2 The use of lead is closely regulated in plumbing, paint and gasoline industries. Currently, the electronics industry has been exempted from the existing requirem...

Battery storage (BS) systems are static energy conversion units that convert the chemical energy directly into electrical energy. They exist in our cars, laptops, electronic appliances, micro electricity generation systems and in many other mobile to stationary power supply systems. The economic advantages, partial sustainability and the portability of these units pose promising substitutes for...

Lead dioxide has been studied for over 150 years as a component of the lead-acid battery. Based on first-principles calculations, we predict that by tuning the concentration of electrons in the material, through control of the defect chemistry, PbO(2) can be rendered from black to optically transparent, thus opening up applications in the field of optoelectronics.