BACKGROUND Approximately 1-3% of the adult population in Europe is allergic to chromium (Cr). A new restriction in REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) based on the ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted in the EU to limit Cr(VI) in consumer and occupational leather products. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to critically assess key experiment...

THE problem of perspiration and its removal from the amputee's arm and leg stumps encased in sockets has engaged the attention of the doctor and limb fitter for as long as limbs have been fitted. In the early days of leather prostheses, a few months of wear during the summer were sufficient to cause the leather to rot and degrade because of perspiration. Since it was not possible to wash leathe...

Sometimes, commercial products obtained from wild animals are sold as if they were from domestic animals and vice versa. At this point of the productive chain, legal control of possible wildlife products is difficult. Common in the commerce of northern Argentina, skins of two wild species, the carpincho and the collared peccary, look very similar to each other and to those of the domestic ...

Chromium is a transition metal and has been shown to elicit contact dermatitis. Although leather products have been known to be the most significant source of chromium exposure these days, the majority of reports have been related to exposure from shoe products. We herein report a professional golfer who became allergic to golf gloves made of chromium-tanned leather. A 27-year-old woman golfer ...

Disposal of chrome tanned leather waste (CTLW) generated in leather processing industries has many environmental implications. This paper presents a double pyrolysis (PI & PII) method to dispose hazardous chrome tanned leather solid waste by converting it into useful products. When CTLW was subjected to double pyrolysis, three major products obtained were; (i) an energy enriched combustible gas...

Micro-XRF is a significant tool for the analysis of small regions. A micro-X-ray beam can be created in the laboratory by various focusing X-ray optics. Previously, nondestructive 3D-XRF analysis had not been easy because of the high penetration of fluorescent X-rays emitted into the sample. A recently developed confocal micro-XRF technique combined with polycapillary X-ray lenses enables depth...

A case-control study was performed on the incident cases of nasal cavity tumours which occurred between 1968 and 1982 among the residents of Vigevano (Lombardy region, northern Italy). This area is characterised by a high prevalence of shoemakers (especially in leather); the activity has predominated in Vigevano since the beginning of this century. Twenty one cases were identified (16 men and f...

to investigate the characteristics of skin and leather of hairy goats according to their sex and age, 120 goat skins were selected from the western part of iran. results indicated that sex and age had significant effects on weight and area of skin and leather. moreover, sex and age had significant effects on thickness in different parts of skin except the belly. in this regard, the overall mean...

The disposal and treatment of wastes generated in the leather industry has been the focus of several studies around the world. They intend to meet environmental legislation and make the process environmentally and economically viable. The anaerobic digestion process, which occurs in steps that involve acid and methane forming bacteria, can be an alternative since it turns the waste into renewab...