Estimating distances and rates of seed dispersal, especially long-distance dispersal (LDD), is critical for understanding the dynamics of patchily distributed populations and species' range shifts in response to environmental change. Daviesia triflora (Papilionaceae) is an ant-dispersed shrub. The ant Rhytidoponera violacea was recorded dispersing its seeds to a maximum distance of 4.7 m, and i...

Long-distance dispersal (LDD) includes events in which propagules arrive, but do not necessarily establish, at a site far removed from their origin. Although important in a variety of ecological contexts, the system-specific nature of LDD makes ‘‘far removed’’ difficult to quantify, partly, but not exclusively, because of inherent uncertainty typically involved with the highly stochastic LDD pr...

The performance and reliability of NMOSFET asymmetric lightly doped drain (LDD) devices (with no LDD on the source side) are compared with those of conventional LDD devices. At a fixed Vdd; asymmetric LDD devices exhibit higher Idsat and shorter hot-carrier lifetime. To maintain the same hot-carrier lifetime, asymmetric LDD devices must operate at lower Vdd while higher Idsat is retained. For t...

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is an uncommon tumor of young adults that typically occurs supratentorially. It is generally considered to be a low-grade, circumscribed tumor that when treated by surgical resection has a relatively favorable outcome. Cases of cerebellar PXA are rare, and those associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are even less common, with only 2 cases reported to...

SUMMARY Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare cerebellar lesion with features of both malformation and benign neoplasm. However, the fundamental nature of the entity, its pathogenesis, and the exact genetic alterations remain unknown. We describe MR findings (including perfusion- and diffusion-weighted images) in two patients with LDD, as well as findings from single-photon emission CT (SPEC...

Cowden syndrome (CS) is clinically presented by multiple hamartomas, often with mucocutaneous lesions, goiter, breast cancer and gastrointestinal polyps. CS is a genetic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance and is one distinct syndrome of the phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) hamartoma tumor spectrum. Noteworthy, PTEN germline mutations are related to a wide range of ...

BACKGROUND Lumbar disc disease (LDD), one of the most common conditions for which patients seek medical care, has been associated with sequence changes of the COL genes. COL1A1, however, has not been studied in young patients with LDD; COL1A1 polymorphisms have been associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in several populations and with LDD in older adults. OBJECTIVE To study COL1A1 polymo...

An analytical model is developed to study the impact of scaling on the thermal and gate induced noise of the small geometry LDD MOSFETs. The analyses includes the short channel, narrow width, velocity saturation, hot carrier and LDD effects. The intricacy in analysis when considering all these effects simultaneously as in the small geometry devices is overcomed and a generalized expression vali...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether or not hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) gene variants are associated with the susceptibility and clinical characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). METHODS We examined 320 patients with LDD and 447 gender- and age-matched control subjects. We also determined the HIF-1α gene variants, including C1772T (P582S) and G1790A (A588T) pol...