BACKGROUND Pretreatment is a critical step in the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals. Due to the complexity of the physicochemical transformations involved, predictively scaling up technology from bench- to pilot-scale is difficult. This study examines how pretreatment effectiveness under nominally similar reaction conditions is influenced by pretreatment r...

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with higher levels of LH, and arrested ovarian follicular growth. The direct impact high LH on FSH mediated metabolic responses in PCOS patients not clearly understood. Method In order to investigate the glucose metabolism preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs), we used [U14C]-2 deoxyglucose, D-[U14C]-glucose or 2-NBD analyse uptake it...

The aim of this study was to elucidate the regulatory role of androgen in the follicular development of wild female ground squirrels. Immunohistochemical staining of FSHR, LHR, P450c17, P450arom, androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ERa and ERb) were executed in ovaries of female ground squirrels from both breeding and nonbreeding seasons. In addition, total ovarian proteins were extract...

Gonadotropin-independent, male-limited precocious puberty is caused by a variety of mutations in the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHR) that produce constitutive receptor activation. Two of these mutations encode replacement of conserved aspartate residues at positions 564 and 578 with glycine. We previously used site-directed mutagenesis to study the functional role of the Asp578 side ...

Postgonadectomy adrenocortical tumorigenesis is a strain-specific phenomenon in inbred mice, assumed to be caused by elevated LH secretion and subsequent ectopic LH receptor (LHR) overexpression in adrenal gland. However, the molecular mechanisms of this cascade of events remain unknown. In this study, we took advantage of the mouse strain dependency of the phenotype to unravel its genetic basi...

MISO is an in-orbit demonstration mission that focuses on improving the representation of the methane distribution throughout the upper troposphere and stratosphere, to complement and augment the nadirand zenith-looking methane observing system for a better understanding of the methane budget. MISO also aims to raise to space mission readiness the concept of laser heterodyne spectro-radiometry ...

Effects of daidzein on expression of mRNAs of gonadotropin receptors (FSHR, LHR) and P450 aromatase (P450arom) were evaluated in ovarian follicles of white silky fowls. The hens were 13 months old in the post-peak period of egg laying and were randomly allocated as control and daidzein-treated groups, with daidzein supplemented to the basal diet at 10 mg/kg for 7 consecutive weeks. The mRNA exp...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether physical inactivity and overweight deteriorate myocardial perfusion and cardiac function in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study design was used. Postmenopausal women recruited in this study were categorized into groups based on activity level and BMI: physically active, normal-weight group (PANw, n = ...

Activation of the luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptor (LHR) in cultured hypothalamic cells and immortalized GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) neurons (GT1-7 cells) transiently stimulates and subsequently inhibits cAMP production and pulsatile GnRH release. The marked and delayed impairment of cAMP signaling and episodic GnRH release in GT1-7 cells is prevented...

Efforts to identify the manner in which human choriogonadotropin (hCG) contacts lutropin receptors (LHR) have been stymied by the complex structure of the hormone and the likelihood that it contacts the receptor at multiple sites. During studies of hCG assembly in mammalian cells, we found that addition of a cysteine to the long disordered beta-subunit COOH terminus (betaCT) enabled it to becom...