BACKGROUND Inhalation is one of the main means of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) because of their ubiquitous presence in the atmosphere. However, most studies have considered only PAHs found in the particle phase and have omitted the contribution of the gas-phase PAHs to the risk. OBJECTIVE We estimated the lifetime lung cancer risk from PAH exposure by inhalation i...

BACKGROUND The use of computed tomography in Israel has been growing rapidly during recent decades. The major drawback of this important technology is the exposure to ionizing radiation, especially among children who have increased organ radiosensitivity and a long lifetime to potentially develop radiation-related cancer. OBJECTIVE To estimate the number of excess lifetime cancer deaths relat...

background: colorectal cancer (crc) is the third common malignancy all over the world. modern life styles affecting nutritional habits have been providing a potential impact on crc. this study aims to assess the nutritional characteristics in crc patients of golestan province, northeast of iran. methods: all incident crc cases (n=47) in northeast of iran (2004-2005) and a matched number of heal...

Purpose: To determine the frequency of CT procedures in a cohort of bone marrow transplant patients and estimate the effective dose from each CT procedure as well as rough estimates of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer (both incidence and mortality). Background: Pediatric patients who undergo bone marrow transplant benefit greatly from the diagnostic power of computed tomography, but d...

Key content Bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy is indicated for patients with suspected or confirmed gynaecological malignancy. Risk reduction surgery in a significant family history genetic predisposition to developing breast ovarian cancer. salpingectomy conservation reduces the risk of cancer, whilst preserving function. Oophorectomy prior menopause associated increased all‐cause mortality and ...

Risks of breast and ovarian cancer were determined for Ashkenazi Jewish women with inherited mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. We selected 1008 index cases, regardless of family history of cancer, and carried out molecular analysis across entire families. The lifetime risk of breast cancer among female mutation carriers was 82%, similar to risks in families with many case...

Background: Cereals are the most staple foods in human diet and the main components of the daily diet. This work was designed to determine the level of essential and non-essential elements, the in vitro bioavailability, interrelationship, and associated health risk in consumed cereal grains in Nigeria to assess their safety and wholesomeness. Methods: The contents of phytate, oxalate, and some...

BACKGROUND This study was focused on the probability of carcinogen risk of low-level ingestion and dermal exposure with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from drinking water in Tehran, capital of Iran. METHODS Concentrations of 16 PAHs were measured in the tap, bottled and heated tap water in four different seasons. Using a questionnaire-based survey, exposure with PAHs from drinking wa...

Tobacco smoking is inconsistently associated with breast cancer. Although some studies suggest that breast cancer risk is related to passive smoking, little is known about the association with breast cancer by tumor hormone receptor status. We aimed to explore the association between lifetime passive smoking and risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by estrogen receptor and progesterone recept...

BACKGROUND None of the population-based epidemiologic studies to date has had a large enough sample size to show the familial risk of testicular cancer (TC) by age at diagnosis for patients and their relatives or for rare histologic subtypes. OBJECTIVE To estimate absolute and relative risks of TC in relatives of TC patients by age at diagnosis in patients and their relatives and histological...