The toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in glial cells and reacts to potential toxic entities. This activation triggers various inflammatory reactions. (+)-Naloxone and (+)naltrexone, dextrorotatory enantiomers of opioid receptor antagonists [respectively, (−)naloxone and (−)-naltrexone], have been demonstrated to dock to TLR4 using “in-silico ” models, and function as an antagonist at thi...

Bacground: Evidence from several lines of investigations suggests that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in atherosclerosis as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can trigger inflammation through activation of human TLR4 (hTLR4) on monocytes. Hydrocortisone as an anti-inflammatory and immuno-suppressant agent has multiple mechanisms of a...