This paper conducts research on how to measure the difficulty of English texts and extend it other languages, such as Chinese. Firstly, text features that can represent reading are extracted represented using parameters. Secondly, indicators subjected KMO Bartlett's tests, results show these suitable for factor analysis. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model language based analysis is construc...

Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) is omnipresent in regression modeling. Occasionally Least Absolute Deviations (LAD) or other methods are used as an alternative when there are outliers. Although some data adaptive estimators have been proposed they are typically difficult to implement. In this note, we propose an easy to compute adaptive estimator which is simply a linear combination of OLS and LAD...

In this paper we establish the central limit theorem and the strong law of large numbers for linear random fields generated by identically distributed linear negative quadrant dependent random variables on Z.

Nowadays, automatic signature verification is an active area of researches in numerous applications such as bank check verification, access restriction or special areas such as police investigations. In our researches signature was captured by Topaz SigLite T-LBK750-HSB device, where some dynamic features of signature can be also registered. In many transactions, the electronic verification of ...

Let A be a finite-dimensional algebra over the complex numbers with nonzero identity element e. If x ∈ A, then the resolvent set associated to x is the set ρ(x) of complex numbers λ such that λ e − x is invertible, and the spectrum of x is the set σ(x) of complex numbers λ such that λ e − x is not invertible. For instance, if V is a finite-dimensional vector space over the complex numbers of po...