This paper, the 5 in a series of biennial progress reports, reviews the activities of the Linguistic Data Consortium with particular emphasis on general trends in the language resource landscape and on changes that distinguish the two years since LDC’s last report at LREC from the preceding 8 years. After providing a perspective on the current landscape of language resources, the paper goes on ...

In this paper we present LXGram, a general purpose grammar for the deep linguistic processing of Portuguese that delivers high precision grammatical analysis and detailed meaning representations. We present the main design features and evaluation results on the grammar’s coverage as well as its ability to produce correct grammatical analyses.

The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) has created various annotated linguistic data for a variety of common task evaluation programs and projects to create shared linguistic resources. The majority of these annotated linguistic data were created with highly customized annotation tools developed at LDC. The Annotation Graph Toolkit (AGTK) has been used as a primary infrastructure for annotation t...

Linguistic norms emerge in human communities because people imitate each other. A shared linguistic system provides people with the benefits of shared knowledge and coordinated planning. Once norms are in place, why would they ever change? This question, echoing broad questions in the theory of social dynamics, has particular force in relation to language. By definition, an innovator is in the ...

Strong social and legal norms in the United States discourage the overt expression of bias against ethnic and racial minorities, increasing the attributional ambiguity of Whites' positive behavior to ethnic minorities. Minorities who suspect that Whites' positive overtures toward minorities are motivated more by their fear of appearing racist than by egalitarian attitudes may regard positive fe...

The aim of this study is to investigate the causes and effects of economic exclusion of historical national and ethnic minorities and to identify the policies, both at the national and supranational levels, that are most effective in combating this problem. The study analyzes economic participation in four regions of Europe in which historical minorities are concentrated: the Autonomous Provinc...

Executive Summary In recent articles, some commentators have criticized the Social Security system as being unfair to minorities. This criticism has generated discussions about how minority groups fare under the current Social Security system and how they might be affected as the system undergoes changes in the future. To understand the policy implications of any changes for these groups, it is...