Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation process for regulating tumor progression, survival and drug resistance. Nickel compounds have been identified as human carcinogens. However, the role of nickel-induced autophagy in lung carcinogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined that hexokinase 2 (HK2), which phosphorylates glucose and regulates autophag...

Abstract The role of fermentable dietary fibers in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not understood. Herein, we elucidated the effect fiber guar gum, commonly added to a wide range processed foods, on colonic inflammation. use three different IBD models allowed us examine gum various aspects human IBD, such as immune hyperactivity [IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) neutralization], epithe...

Biomolecular reagents that enable the specific molecular recognition of proteins play a crucial role in basic research as well as medicine. Up to now, antibodies (immunoglobulins) have been widely used for this purpose. Their predominant feature is the vast repertoire of antigen-binding sites that arise from a set of 6 hypervariable loops. However, antibodies suffer from practical disadvantages...

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival of 17-20 months. Despite therapeutic treatments including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, subset GBM clones, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs) are radio-resistant and chemo-resistant, leading to mortality patient. CSCs also have altered metabolic profiles an enhanced capacity scavenge nutrients from their ...

Obesity is a worldwide public health concern, and prevalence in the United States continuously increasing. Treatment of obesity ranges from dietary approaches to gastric surgery; there no one-size-fits-all approach. In recent years, ketogenic diet (KD) has become popular approach for weight loss metabolic promotion. The main mechanism caused by this promote body use fat as its primary form ener...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between selected cytokines and diabetes in Chinese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adult patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (n=53), latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (n=250), and type 2 diabetes (n=285) from multiple centers were compared with normal subjects (n=196). We centrally tested serum GAD antibodies (GADAs), interleukin-...

PURPOSE Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening disease in which autoreactive T cells cross the blood-retinal barrier. Molecular mechanisms contributing to the loss of eye immune privilege in this autoimmune disease are not well understood. In this study, the authors investigated the changes in the matrix metalloproteinase network in spontaneous uveitis. METHODS Matrix metalloproteinase (MM...

Malignant glioma is the most common and destructive form of primary brain tumor. Along with surgery and radiation, chemotherapy remains as the major treatment modality. The emergence of drug resistance, however, often leads to a therapeutic failure in the treatment of glioma, precluding long-term survival of the patients. A proteomic approach has recently been adapted for the mechanistic analys...