In order to assess the importance of nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation and its impact on the growth physiology of dominant Fe oxidizers, we counted these bacteria in freshwater lake sediments and studied their growth physiology. Most probable number counts of nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria in the sediment of Lake Constance, a freshwater lake in Southern Germany, yielded about 10(5)...

The PCR was used as the basis for the development of a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the beta-subclass of the class Proteobacteria. PCR primers were selected on the basis of nucleic acid sequence data available for seven species of nitrifiers in this subclass. The specificity of the ammonium oxidizer primers was evaluated by testing k...

The first rainfall following a severe dry period provides an abrupt water potential change that is both an acute physiological stress and a defined stimulus for the reawakening of soil microbial communities. We followed the responses of indigenous communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria to the addition of water to laboratory incubatio...

To gain an atomistic-level understanding on physical and chemical processes occurring at the interfaces of hypergolic propellants, we carried out the first reactive dynamic (ReaxFF) simulations to study the reactive hypergolic mixture of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide (NTO), in comparison with the ethanol (EtOH) and NTO mixture that is reactive but nonhypergolic. Our studies...

Nomenclature: SO2 dissolved oxygen, SS readily biodegradable substrate, SNH4 ammonium nitrogen, NH4+-N, SNO2 nitrite nitrogen, NO2−-N, SNO3 nitrate, NO3−-N, SN2 dinitrogen, N2, XNH aerobic ammonium oxidizers, XNO aerobic nitrite oxidizers, XAN Anammox bacteria, XH hetertrophic organisms, X inert particulate organic material, YNH yield coefficient of XNH, YNO yield coefficient of XNO, YAN yield ...

Anaerobic microorganisms play key roles in the biogeochemical cycling of methane and non-methane alkanes. To date, there appear to be at least three proposed mechanisms of anaerobic methane oxidation (AOM). The first pathway is mediated by consortia of archaeal anaerobic methane oxidizers and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) via "reverse methanogenesis" and is catalyzed by a homolog of methyl-co...

The blue glow of the mucus from Chaetopterus involves a photoprotein, iron and flavins. Identity and respective role of these components remain, however, largely unresolved today, likely because of viscosity issues and inhibition of this system by oxidizers conventionally used to track bioluminescence activity. Here, we used gentle centrifugation to obtain a mucus supernatant showing no inhibit...

plexity of soil affects the probability of bacteria encountering appropriate substrates or other bacteria. The Soil bacteria function in the three-dimensional space in heterogequantitative assessment of bacteria in soil is mostly conneous soil complex and their activities depend in part on encountering substrates at the microbial scale. The bacterial density per gram of fined to population dens...

We investigated the existence and characteristics of ammonia oxidizers in Permian water from Midland Basin. Molecular surveys targeting the amoA gene showed that only ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) exist and have potential activity in this special environment. In contrast, no ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were detected in the water. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 72-89% of the total s...

Enrichment cultures were used to determine the conditions promoting fastest methanogenic propionate degradation and growth by adapting the cultures to various physical and chemical conditions and measuring the specific growth rate. We found that the fastest growth of propionate oxidizers occurred at pH 6.8 to 8.5 and 32 to 45 degrees C. Acetate-degrading populations showed narrower optima for f...