Shape memory alloys (SMAs) can produce large strains when deformed (e.g., up to 8%). Heating results in a phase transformation and associated recovery of all the accumdated strain. This strain recovery can occur against large forces, resulting in their use as actuators. Thus an SMA element can integrate both sensory and actuation fitnctions, by inhercEtly s e x k g a c h m ~ c ia temperature an...

Mesoporous silica can be synthesized by either the alkaline route or the acidic route, both using surfactants as templates. Morphological transformations of mesoporous silica can produce various hierarchical orders. Different morphologies are produced under different synthetic conditions. In the alkaline route, the surfactant/silicate liquid crystal system undergoes phase transformation to form...

Thermodynamic calculation has been applied to predict the inclusion formation in molten SS400 steel. When the Cerium addition in liquid iron is 70 ppm and the initial Oxygen and Sulphur are both 110 ppm, the formation of oxides containing Cerium would experience the transformation from Ce2O3 to CeO2 and also the formation of sulfides containing Cerium would experience the transformation from Ce...

This study deals with the effect of gelatin on physical and mechanical properties of  calcium phosphate bone cements. The mixture of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPA) as the cement powder was mixed with 6 wt% Na2HPO4 solution containing different amount (0, 2, 5 and 8% in w/w) of foamed gelatin as liquid phase. The physical properties were determined in the terms of s...

The ionic liquid (IL), tetrabutylphosphonium trifluoroacetate ([P4444][CF3COO]), showed a low critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase transition in water. Using this temperature-sensitive IL and the Triton X-100/H2O system, the reversible transformation between micelles and microemulsions was thus realized by a thermal stimulus for the first time.

We demonstrate self-trapped laser beams carrying phase singularities in nematic liquid crystals. We experimentally observe the astigmatic transformation of vortex beams into spiraling dipole azimuthons accompanied by power-dependent charge-flipping of the on-axis phase singularity. The latter topological reactions involve triplets of vortex lines and resemble pitchfork bifurcations.

A total of 254 basidiomycete cultures have been examined for their action on progesterone. Of these, 54 showed transformation products by thin-film and gas-liquid chromatography. The major product formed by eight of these organisms acting on progesterone has been isolated and identified.