To investigate the role of Nrf2 as a master defense against the hepatotoxicity produced by various chemicals, Nrf2-null, wild-type, Keap1-knock down (Keap1-Kd) and Keap1-hepatocyte knockout (Keap1-HKO) mice were used as a "graded Nrf2 activation" model. Mice were treated with 14 hepatotoxicants at appropriate doses, and blood and liver samples were collected thereafter (6 h to 7 days depending ...

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell death. Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved ER protein that suppresses cell death and that is abundantly expressed in both liver and kidney. We explored the role of BI-1 in protection from ER stress and IR injury by using bi-1 knockout mice, employing models of transient hepatic or renal artery ...

Hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) protects liver cells from various toxins by alleviating lesions caused in the mitochondria. This paper demonstrates the necessity of the conserved CXXC catalytic motif (C62-C65) for the mitochondria-targeted anti-apoptotic activity of HSS. Mutating the conserved CXXC motif eliminated the protective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis and diminished the ...

Mild hypothermia is known to protect against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. The exact mechanisms of the protection are not fully understood. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) has been defined as a critical mediator in cellular processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, cell death and DNA repair; however, the protection function in mild hypothermia has not been reported previo...

Natural killer T (NKT) cells regulate aspects of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and contribute to the control of infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. During Trypanosoma cruzi infection both NKT cells and NK cells are critical to the protective response. How NKT cells interact and possibly regulate NK cells during infections remains uncertain. In vivo studies have demo...

The increment in the prevalence of obesity incidence in Mexico is leading to the increase in many chronic maladies, including liver diseases. It is well known that lipid-induced liver sensitization is related to the kind of lipid rather than the amount of them in the organ. Cholesterol overload in the liver aggravates the toxic effects of canonical liver insults. However, the status on the repa...

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (DB) mice challenged with single ordinarily lethal doses of acetaminophen (APAP), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), or bromobenzene (BB) were resistant to all three hepatotoxicants. Mechanisms of protection against APAP hepatotoxicity were investigated. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histopathology revealed significantly l...

Introduction: Previous studies have confirmed the sidelong effects of Doxorubicin (DOX) on healthy tissues, but pretreatment effect of regular Aerobic exercise in restrain of hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the pretreatment effect of regular aerobic exercise on hepatic oxidative stress induced with doxorubicin of Wistar rats in differ...

The effects of cadmium alone and that plus aqueous extract the calyx Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn on organ gravimetry lipid profile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) have been examined. treatments did not alter brain-, gill- liver- body weight ratios when compared to extract- free group, control. Relative control brain gill homogenates‘ total- LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P...